Juche Ideology and Religion

Juche Ideology and Religion Juche is a Communist led and sponsored religion in North Korea made up of a mixture of ideology, philosophy, and religion for over 22,000,000 people, most of which are North Koreans, as stated by John Chin of the Religion-Info website (Chin). Juche is practiced, mandatorily, in North Korea by their government leader Kim Jong-Il, and is more of a social ideology instead of an actual religion. Although, the only way this ideology is promoted as a religion is by the way that Juche adopted some of the Confucius ideas. John Chin also states the ideas of Juche following only one â€Å"Great Leader†, and secondly that the Korean Worker's Party revolution belongs to the people (Chin). Then later the idea of self-reliance or self-sufficiency as a country was added to Juche which the word itself by Korean language means â€Å"self-reliance† (Adherents. com). Also, Jurgen Kleiner states that Kim Il-Sung created this ideology to save him from political and social obstacles of the day. So, really this religion in my opinion is not a true religion, but actually a social ideology; as a matter of fact, if Juche were really a religion then it would be a choice to adhere to not forced like it is in North Korea. Juche ideology is practiced majorly in North Korea where the choice is not given to the people on whether they want to believe in something else or to follow the Juche beliefs. By Jurgen Kleiner the Juche ideology saved Kim Il-Sung from getting too deeply involved in the earlier rift between the Soviet Union and China (Kleiner). So, by what Kleiner is saying the Juche ideology was used to keep Kim Il-Sung from being involved with any Soviet or Chinese involvement. This â€Å"religion† does not have a main saint who has a life or death childhood experience nor does it have a saint who has a God experince where the God of their culture passes a vision onto that main saint. The closest thing that Juche has to a main saint figure, and in the working people’s eyes he is a sain by what he declares, is Kim Il-Sung who is then followed by his son Kim Jong-Il. Kim Il-Sung who creates the social ideology of Juche declares one main ideal of Juche to be that there is one â€Å"Great Leader† who is to lead the world to the utopian philosophy (Oh and Hassig). Also, Kim Il-Sung makes it to where Juche is the only â€Å"religion† to have the proper methods by which paradise is able to be achieved. Now in my eyes these ideas are not the way that Juche can be called a religion. As I have stated, and will state again, I believe that Juche is not a religion, but actually a social ideology that is forced upon its people. Kim Il-Sung is making the typical dictator move to secure power over his subjects by making a nation wide religion. The easiest way that he procures such a feat is by finding the most abundant social class and makes them the most important of the social ideology. The manner in which Kim Il-Sung makes this â€Å"religion† such an accepted ideology among the common people is by the way in which he proclaimed the Korean Worker's Party revolution belonged to the people, and by making this move Kim Il-Sung has the entire working social class behind him to support him. By making this monstrously important move Kim Il-sung guarantees himself the survival of this ideology because of how the societal notions are regulated in North Korea. Secondly though, by Kim Il-Sung making this move he allows there to be someone to lead such a large group of people. So, Il-Sung by making such a large group without a leader comes up with the idea of a â€Å"Great Leader† in which the people who believe in Juche should follow, and who will also lead the world to the idea of a utopian society and paradise on Earth. Juche ideology made by Kim Il-Sung also led to the idea that there would be an abolishment of the social classes. Il-Sung stated that only with the establishment of communism, in which there would be no competing classes- the working class having taken control of the means of production- would contradictions disappear. If this dissolve of social classes is so important in the Juche beliefs then Kim Il-Sung should not have made the idea that the Korean Worker’s Party was so important. I am sure that Il-Sung is using the Juche ideology to control the people of Korea because if the absolving of social classes is so important then the idea that the Korean Worker’s Party belonging to the people would no longer be applicable to the ideology of Juche beliefs. Making the Korean Worker’s Party an important part of Juche ideals goes completely against the belief of having social classes become absolved because if the working class is so important then how could the Korean working social class still be important. Il-Sung made a mistake in adopting the idea that the Korean Worker’s Party s being so important while also saying that the social classes will be absolved. Now, the closest that Juche comes to being a religion is by how some beliefs of Confucianism are adopted. The ideas that are adopted are family values, material possessions, and self-sacrifice. The adoption of family values in that the family is important in society does coincide with the id ea of getting rid of societal classes, but also the adoption also could lead to a clash between these two ideas by how a rich family would treat its own family members as say a poor family. Family values are adopted to help strengthen society by making those family systems stronger in the way that they commune with each other and by the way they act with each other. The adoption of how to hold material possessions in life makes Juche closer to being a true religion in my eyes. Juche takes the idea that material possessions are not important in how life is valued, but that the family values that are shared and learned are more important. The adoption that material possessions come easily and go just as easily stresses the importance of the people and the bond between each other and not their possessions. Lastly, the adoption of the idea of self-sacrifice also strengthens the idea of absolving society to the point of where an individual is not more important than the whole. Although, with Juche having the main ideology of one â€Å"Great Leader† then that is the only individual that should not be sacrificed because of the importance that that specific individual holds in their acts. So, in part this idea of one â€Å"Great Leader† the idea of self-sacrifice cannot be fully applied so there is another contradiction in the ideology and belief system of Juche practice. So, overall in everything I have presented I believe that Juche is not a religion nor will it ever be one even if it were to adopt other ideals of other religions, and the reason it would not be even with the other adoptions is because of the two main reasons the foundation of Juche has in its own beginning. The two main beliefs of the Korean Worker’s Party being so important, and the belief of one â€Å"Great Leader†. Juche is not a religion, but rather a form of social ideology used to control a nation and her people. Kim Il-Sung making such a monumental Communist move to control the Korean people, and then trying to justify such a move by approving what he did as a form of religious worship does not make Juche a religion. In all actuality in my eyes, what Kim Il-Sung did was basically make himself a God by claiming himself and his male descendants as the â€Å"Great Leader† is the biggest flaw in Juche ideology, and will that single fact can keep Juche from being a religion. Also as a final side-note and to be kind of funny, another way I know that Juche is not a religion is because everytime I have typed it so far it is underlined by the red line as if I have mistakenly miswritten a word. If juche were a religion then I would not see that red line. Works Cited Adherents. com. Major Religions of the World. January 2000. 4 April 2009 . Chin, John. RELIGION-INFO. COM:A Guide to Religions, Religious Information and Help in Search for God. 21 December 2004. 6 April 2009 . Kleiner, Jurgen. Korea, A Century of Change. World Scientific, 2001. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia. Marshall Cavendish, 2007. Oh, Kong Dan and Ralph c. Hassig. North Korea Through the Looking Glass. Brookings Institution Press, 2000.

Sunflower Incorporated

Sunflower Incorporated is a large distribution company with over 5,000 employees and gross sales over $700 million in 1991. The company purchases and distributes salty snack foods and liquor to independent retail stores throughout the United States and Canada. Salty snack foods include corn chips, potato chips, cheese curls, tortilla chips, and peanuts. The United States and Canada are divided into 22 regions, each with its own central warehouse, salespeople, finance department, and purchasing department. The organization distributes national as well as local brands and packages some items under private labels. The head office encourages each regions to be autonomous because of local tastes and practices. The northeast United States, for example, consumes a greater percentage of Canadian whisky and American bourbon, while the West consumes more light liquors, such as vodka, gin, and rum. Snack foods in the Southwest are often seasoned to reflect Mexican tastes. Early in 1989, Sunflower began using a financial reporting system that compared sales, costs, and profits across regions. Management was surprised to learn that profits varied widely. By 1990, the differences was so great that management decided some standardization was necessary. They believed that highly profitable regions were sometimes using lower-quality items, even seconds, to boost profit margins. The practice could hurt Sunflower’s image. Other regions were facing intense price competition in order to hold market share. National distributors were pushing hard to increase their market share. Frito-Lay, Bordens, Nabisco, Procter & Gamble (Pringles), and Standard Brands (Planter’s peanuts) were pushing hard to increase market share by cutting prices and launching new products. As these problems accumulated, Mr. Steelman, president of Sunflower, decided to create a new position to monitor pricing and purchasing practices. Agnes Albanese was hired from the finance department of a competing organization. Her new title was director of pricing and purchasing, and she reported to the vice president of finance, Mr. Mobley. Steelman and Mobley gave Albanese great freedom in organizing her job and encouraged her to establish whatever rules and procedures were necessary. She was also encouraged to gather information from each region. Each region was notified of her appoinment by an official memo sent to the regional managers. A copy of the memo was posted on each warehouse bulletin board. The announcement was also made in the company newspaper. After 3 weeks on the job, Albanese decided that pricing and purchasing decisions should be standardized across regions. As a first step, she wanted the financial executive in each regions to notify her of any change in local prices of more than 3%. She also decided that all new contracts for local purchases of more than $5,000 should be cleared through her office. Albanese believed that the only way to standardize operations was for each region to notify the home office in advance of any change in prices or purchases. Albanese discussed the proposed policy with Mobley. He agreed, so they submitted a formal proposal to the president and board of directors, who approved the plan. Sunflower was moving into the peak holiday season, so Albanese wanted to implement the new procedures right away. She decided to send an email to the financial and purchasing executives in each region notifying them of the new procedures. The change would be inserted in all policy and procedure manuals thorughout Sunflower within 4 months. Albanese showed a draft of the email to Mobley and invited his comments. Mobley said the Internet was an excellent idea but it was not sufficient. The regions handle hundreds of items and were used to decentralized decision making. Mobley suggested that Albanese ought to visit the regions and discuss purchasing and pricing policies with the executives. Albanese refused, saying that the trips would be expensive and time-consuming. She had so many things to do at headquarters that a trip was impossible. Mobley also suggested waiting to implement the procedures until after the annual company meeting 3 months. Albanese said this would take too long because the procedures would not take effect until after the peak sales season. She believed the procedures were needed now. The email went out the next day. During the next few days, replies came in from most of the regions. The executives were in agreement with the email and said they would be happy to cooperate. Eight weeks later, Albanese had not received notices from any regions about local price or purchase change. Other executives who had visited regional warehouses indicated to her that the regions were busy as usual. Regional executives seemed to be following usual procedures for that time of year. Albanese might analyze what the cause of the ineffective organizationl changes, and she might done differently. Albanese should do something now. From the case above, we now that the cause of the ineffective organization changes are: first, response to changes programs were less enthusiastic. The regional executives was not give their opinions, critics, and participation in developing the programs. Their enthusiastic have showed just in the next few days from the email about the announcement the changes programs was sent. But, there was no enthusiastic in 2 months later. Seconds, the changes program may be agreed by regional executives but were perceived as not in top priority. The regional offices might face the different various problems because of local market characteristics and practices, and they made the priority rank of the problems and other implementations differently. Third, the changes programs seemed to be not well planned. Because the programs built on the Albanese perceptions of the expensiveness and time-consume. Fourth, data gathering was not conducted properly. So, Albanese was not capture the â€Å"real problems† and how to solve it efficiently and instituzionalizing the interventions. Fifth, data analysis was done inappropriately, no follow-up actions were taken to confirm the real problems. The actions wasn’t conducted by accurate data analysis. Sixth, no opportunity was given to regional executives to participate in the change programs. The email procedure was not give the regional executives to build a feedback, and report the implementation problems they faced. Seventh, limited time was avaible to implement the change. Eighth, socialization was done via email only indicated that dominance strategy was implemented, feeding back process was less effective. So, the organization should take change actions building on the cause of the ineffective organizational changes. The Sunflower could be done : 1. Improving the planning process. Sunflower can use the general model of planned change for the Organizational Change and Develoment theory. The four activites in the planning process (entering and contracting, diagnosing, planning and implementing, and evaluating and institutionalizing) can be used to describe how to take changes in Sunflower. 2. Visiting regions to gather (and confirm) the data, offer the changes program, encourage participation, and build commitment. The head office and regional office can discuss together how to plan the changes programs and how well implement it. The commitment for to implement the change continually should be increased. 3. Allocate reasonable time frame for socialization, transition process (process in the organizational change and development when the performance decrease because of the implementation of the changes programs before it result the more effective and increase in the performance), feeding back to improve the changes programs, and provide opportunities to regions executives to speak up, 4. Implement the changes at the (more) appropriate time (not it busy season). It is important to diagnose the best moment for implementation of the changes programs. 5. Actively monitor the implementation and evaluate periodically and accurately. Feedback about intervention’s results provides information about whether the change should be continued, modified, or suspended.

Develop and implement policies and procedures Essay

The current legislations for safeguarding children where defined in the children act of 1989. Including children’s rights to protection them from abuse, the right to express their views and be listened to. Although different British governments have said that it regards itself bound by the Convention and refers to it in child protection guidance, it has not become part of the UK law. There is no single piece of legislation that covers safeguarding children and young people in the UK; different laws and guidelines cover different parts of the UK-England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (NSPCC 2010) EYFS (2012) Child protection- being aware of any concerns regarding a child in their home or childcare setting, the welfare requirements state that a Suitable person check should be carried out – following the safer recruitment policy for all staff as an employer we must ensure that necessary steps are taken to ensure that we safeguard all children and their welfare is pa ramount. The recruitment process consists of checking Staff DBS, qualifications, references from their last employer, training, support and skills- to ensure staff have appropriate qualifications, training, skills and knowledge and clearly understand their roles and responsibilities and thorough robust induction is carried out with each new member of staff. Outdoors, indoors and equipment must be suitable for the individual child’s needs. staff child-ratios- staffing arrangements must be arranged to meet the needs of all children. Ensuring safety at all times. The organisation must plan to ensure every child attending receives a enjoyable learning experience. Documents used within the nursery setting, such as policies and procedures, registers, registration forms, learning journals, accident and incident forms. Children’s act (2006) – Child’s commissioner for England, has a duty to local authorities and their partners e.g. health services to promote the well-being of children and young people. 1.2 Evaluate how the national and local guidelines, policies and procedures  for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people. The children’s act 1989, children schools and families, babies and young children, every child matters, CAF, health care, National and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding all affect a nursery practitioner’s day to day work ; In my Childcare practice The Education Act 2002 poses a duty on education authorities to promote and safeguard the welfare of children and young people. This affects my day to day work as I must be aware of and abide by the child protection procedures of my setting and the local authority, I must know the signs of abuse, how and who to report my concerns to, remain professional, act in a timely manner, record my findings, maintain a safe environment, be aware of the health and safety of children and to be able to undertake any further training required. As the safeguarding officer for the nursery I must be approachable for staff to express the concerns and support them throughout the child protection flow chart. Child Protection In my settings policies and procedures for safeguarding it states that all employees, volunteers and students should be properly vetted by carrying out a DBS check before they commence employment. We also request 2 references one of which is their most recent employer, we check their suitability, as well as qualifications ensuring we have seen the original certificates. Daily Risk assessments Risk assessments are an important factor in safeguarding children and in my day to day work, before I use an area in the nursery I would check that it was safe and suitable before Staff carry out any activity with the children I require them to carry out a risk assessment first to make sure all involved is safe, for example, if They were to plan an activity, in the garden I would need to risk assess the area for rubbish, small objects, dirty areas etc that may have blown in, broken toys or equipment, the weather and that the gates are secure. Ensuring the voice of the child or young person is heard Advocacy safeguards children and young people and protects them from abuse and poor practice. The government developed national standards for advocacy practice to ensure that children are able to speak out and have their views heard. The national Standards for the provision of children’s advocacy 2002 is this standard. This affects my day to day work as I need to know how to access advocacy services should a child require it and a child can request that I act as an advocate for them and in that case I will need to know where to look for support from the advocacy services. This then empowers the child to be heard and listened too. Supporting children and young people and others who may be expressing concerns Following my settings policies and procedures, if a child or young person were to express any concerns I would in my day to day work show a child that I am taking them seriously, that I am here to listen and have empathy, I would reassure the child that I will help in any way I can, I would record the conversation following the correct procedure, I would not make promises, or say that what has been discussed is confidential, I will not come to my own conclusions or ask questions and I would seek support and advice from the LADO. If a member of staff informed me that a child had disclosed something to them I would ask them to record all details, not to discuss with any one else unless needed. I would record what I had been told and I would ring Care line and seek advice if needed. 1.3 Explain how the processes used by own work setting comply with legislation that covers data protection, information handling and sharing. In my setting all data information is kept confidential, locked in a filing cabinet and only shared on a need to know basis. we work closely with children and their families building up a working in partnership. We have a duty of care to ensure the safety and welfare of every child. We want all families to feel safe and secure about leaving their child in our care. We follow the EYFS and this states ‘The provider must take necessary steps to safeguard and promote the welfare of children’. Therefore as practitioners we are responsible for ensuring that our policies, procedures and practices  effectively safeguard each child our care every day. And that all staff are responsible and understand about safeguarding and how we use this in our setting to keep everyone safe. Staff attend training to refresh their skills and knowledge. We also have a policy of the week displayed in the staff room to ensure policies and procedures are kept fresh in staffs minds. We have a robust recruitment and no staff will start work in the nursery without the necessary checks taken place such as DBS check, 2 references one from the current or most recent employer and that they are suitable with skills knowledge and experience as well as qualifications in childcare. Also when children start the nursery we complete registration forms with the primary carer of the child which consist of application form, care plan if needed and an all about me, this is shared with the child’s key person. the EYFS Sets the standard that all early years providers must meet. It sets to provide quality, consistency, secure foundations, partnership working and equal opportunities. The four principles should make the setting –A unique child, Positive relationships, Enabling Environment = Learning and Development and support children in the 7 areas of learning. From this we follow the key principles and put into them into practice in the setting. We use the online learning journals as well as a paper based assessment on all children. In our setting part of our job is to empower children and young people. If they feel confident and self-assured they are more likely to feel safe and secure. It is my and other staff’s responsibility to help make them feel empowered and protect themselves. Some children find it difficult to respond to their peers, doing activities where they interact and use their own ideas to promote play this will also help them to boost their confidence and learn what they enjoy and what they don’t. Role modelling behaviour helps them to understand how not all children like to be touched, hugged or hold hands and learn what different people like and how we should behave with our peers. Staff talk to the children about kind hands and voices and how to play nicely with each other. Our nursery will work with children, parents, external agencies and the community to ensure the welfare and safety of children and to give them the very best start in life. Children have the right to be treated with respect and to be safe from any abuse in whatever form. To this end we will: Maintain a professional level at all times Create an enabling environment to encourage children to develop a positive self-image †¢ Encourage children to develop a sense of independence and autonomy in a way that is appropriate to their age and stage of development Provide a safe and secure environment for all children Always listen to children, allowing them to freely talk without being questioned. Build relationships with families to gain trust and confidence

What roles does video games play in developing problem solving skills Research Paper

What roles does video games play in developing problem solving skills in students k-12 grades - Research Paper Example Video gaming has successfully cut across gender barriers and, surprisingly, almost 40% of all gamers, are female. In as much as two-thirds of all US households play video games, nearly 25% of all gamers are under the 18 years age bracket. Over the last ten years, children have exhibited a substantial increase in amount of time spent on video gaming (Rideout, Foehr and Roberts, 2010). From an average of 26 minutes in 1999, a child spent about an hour and thirteen minutes in 2009, on video gaming. Against the backdrop of such overwhelming popularity, this activity which seduces children and adults alike, present a host of benefits. Paradoxically, anti-gaming activists, too, make up a sizeable number and with good reason, as well. Introduction Video gaming as an educational pedagogy and a learning mode opens up a world of possibilities. A judicious marriage of caution and openness, supplemented by appropriate investments by way of time and effort, would prove to be ideal. Drawing pointe rs from issues such as gaming collaboration, single player games and usage of video gaming as an academic pedagogy, this paper attempts to prove that video games do not enrich the problem solving skills of K-12 students. The issue of why kids play video games and what they learn from this addictive activity has been a source of constant debate and dispute, among parents, teachers, VIDEO GAMES DO NOT ENRICH PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS researchers as well as the students. (Olthouse, 2009) proposes video gaming as a new, diverse and a growing phenomenon. While the fun element is what essentially draws kids to video games, it can be viewed against the backdrop of a host of perspectives such as gaming as a play, reinforcement, social interaction, fantasy as well as a cognitive exercise. While younger children sought immediate positive responses through the gaming exercise, mature children in the age group 14 to 18 years, exhibited good emotional value, sought stimulus and took risks in an act ion-packed genre. However, in many a case, video games offered a high dose of motivational power and requited large investment in terms of time and money. These proved to be heavy put offs for children. On a positive note, video games promoted meta cognition, computer and perceptual skills. On the downside, these games proved to be highly addictive, costly and heightened aggression. It also discouraged imagination and wonderment among the players. Another negative outcome was Stereotypical gender representations. Collaboration The advent of multi-player and on line games invited gamers to an interactive, participative and collaborative genre of video games Collaboration (Meij, Albers & Leemkuil, 2011) is an attempt to make an individual play, commercial off the shelf games, in pairs, rather than in a solitary mode. This strategy aims at benefitting from the resultant synergy as also to promote social interaction. Though the players reportedly benefitted a great deal from the opportu nity to discuss and analyse the test VIDEO GAMES DO NOT ENRICH PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS scores, surprisingly, collaboration did not exhibit any positive affect on gaming engagement and individual knowledge scores, presumably, because the game dialogues were concentrated on superficial gaming features such as game movements. Single player games The attractiveness of single player games is still hard to beat. Citing three examples of the best video games ever, namely, Roller Coaster Tycoon, The Sims and Grand Theft Auto III (Prensky, 2002), a comprehensive analysis elucidates through the 5 Ws - how, why, what, where and when/whether - the need for welcoming video games into the learning domain. Both the positive and

Concordadane with Medication in Type 2 Diabetes Essay

Concordadane with Medication in Type 2 Diabetes - Essay Example Various techniques exist for presenting the information. Some of the methods include giving a presentation, printing a pamphlet and then distributing it among the people, giving a speech, personally conveying the message individually to each person, forming a team and then conveying the message in groups, using a website or even writing a report and then distributing the consolidated report among the people (Rota, Quadri, Fanti, Poglio, Paolasso, Ciaramitaro, Cossa, & Cocito, 2007).The method that is chosen must be according to the information that is to be delivered. The educational tool that I have used is a mug on which will be printed slogans regarding the adherence of medication regimen. A mug is a most commonly used utensil in our daily lives; we use it for different purposes and is always in our sight. The ease that is obtained while using a mug as a tool is that it is used by every person, whether the person is a male or a female or an elderly person or a child. It can be eas ily incorporated in our daily lives. The slogan can be printed in various languages and can also contain a small picture or image reminding of the benefits of adhering to the medication regimen and the harms that can possibly occur if the medication regimen is not followed properly (Relimpio F, Martinez-Brocca MA, Leal-Cerro A, Losada F, Mangas MA, Pumara A, & Astorga R, 2004). Besides other reasons a mug is an easily available utility and can be used by anyone; the greatest advantage of using a mug is the ease of accessibility. Using a mug to deliver and convey the message of remaining concordant to the medication routine is a very effective method because the most common utility that is used by any person is a mug; it is accessible to everyone. That is why using a mug to deliver the message is the most cost effective and efficient method (Hulka, Cassel, Kupper, & Burdette, n.d.). Diabetes type 2 is a disease in which it becomes very difficult for the patient to adhere to the stric t diet routine and take all the medicines on time. The patient has to undergo a very strict diet because a slight variation in the diet can lead to an increase level of sugar in the patient, therefore a strict diet must be followed (Moussavi, Renier, Roussin, Mamputu, Buithieu & Serri, 2004). The patients usually get tired of the limited food varieties available to them and get bored of the numerous medicines they are bound to take and so they are always in search of an escape from this strict routine. It is of immense importance that the patients are somehow informed about the adverse effects that they would have to face if they not comply with the medication regimen given to them and this can be beautifully and completely achiebed by printing different slogans on the mug and distributing them among the patients. The slogans would be a constant reminder for them to adhere to medications (Schillinger, Wang, Rodriguez, Bindman & Machtinger, 2006). It is of utmost importance that the patient strictly adheres to the given medication in order to ensure good and effective health care. Through research it has been observed and found out that a very small group of people exist who properly follow the prescribed medications and majority of the people are those who do not strictly follow the pres

Wind power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Wind power - Essay Example I selected wind energy as my topic as it is a renewable source which has no harmful results. It is safe for the environment and the people also. I will explain in the project about global warming. Then i will explain green house effect and carbon dioxide effect. Then will come the turn to explain wind energy and its benefits. The advantages it has to the environment. It is a non-renewable source of energy. It is formed when dead plants and animals are buried in the earth for millions of years. There are many types which exist in this world. They are burned to give energy. Over 86% of our needs today are met because of burning of fossil fuel.2 Now days, global warming is a very big issue being discussed everywhere. It is defined as the average increase in earth’s temperature. This increase causes a change in the world climate which is not desired. A hotter earth can lead to natural disasters like rainfalls, melting if the snow and increase in sea level. It also has a huge impact on the plants animals living in this world and also the humans. The biggest problem is that nobody notices the change in temperature but in future the change will be very harmful.3 Coming to the fact about green house gases. What is this? The earth is surrounded by various gasses which are holded by the gravitational pull. Other than nitrogen and oxygen there are some other gasses in the atmosphere also. These gases have traces made up of Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Neon, Helium, Methane, Hydrogen, Nitrous Oxide and Ozone. The human activities result in emission of four principal greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and the halocarbons. All these gasses have GWP (Global Warming Potential).4 The radiation of the sun passes through the atmosphere; are absorbed by the green house gasses and in turn increase the temperature of the earth surface and lower atmosphere. It has now been understood

Franz Kalfa's Metamorphosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Franz Kalfa's Metamorphosis - Essay Example Although the family continues to care for him, providing him with food and water and cleaning his room once a day, Gregor becomes more and more detached from them, eventually finding it difficult to keep track of what has been happening around him. His room becomes dirtier, his family becomes less attentive and he becomes less concerned with their welfare in connection with his own. As his sister and mother move his personal furniture out of his room, he leaves the room with a mind toward helping his sister, but is instead attacked by his father, becoming wounded in the process when an apple thrown at him becomes lodged in his back. Rather than tending to his wounds, the family locks him back in his room again where the apple is able to fester for months. The room becomes the general receptacle of household debris before Gregor’s final attempt to reconnect with his family results in such harsh and complete rejection that he simply crawls back in his room and dies. Through the story, Kafka uses the concept of work to highlight some of the problems of the human condition. It can be argued that Gregor’s transformation is a literal indication of his feelings of separation from humanity, including from the members of his own family, as can be seen in from the very beginning of the story. Despite waking up to find himself in the form of a bug, Gregor’s primary concern remains to get to work in order to continue supporting the family who has been dependent upon him for the past five years. As he reflects upon his position, he reveals the level of disconnectedness that has already occurred between himself and his family, indeed the rest of humanity, since he took a job as a traveling salesman: â€Å"And apart from business itself, this plague of traveling: the anxieties of changing trains, the irregular, inferior meals, the ever changing faces, never to be seen again, people with whom one has no chance to be friendly† (13). Even in his own home, he

Health Promotion at Tackling Coronary Health Disease Essay - 1

Health Promotion at Tackling Coronary Health Disease - Essay Example The study findings thus reveal that to reduce the risk of CHD, it is essential for the women to lead a healthy lifestyle with proper diet and involve in various physical activities. It is usually found that the South Asian women in the UK are less exposed to physical activities due to various socio-cultural barriers, and most of them are unaware of CHD and its consequences along with the preventive measures. The governments of UK are implementing effective policies and strategies to reduce CHD among the South Asian women. However, more cooperation is required from the government and the healthcare authorities in creating awareness among these sections of the country. Â  Conclusion: The literature review helped to conclude that the UK Government has been, to a great extent, successful in implementing effective health promotion techniques to prevent CHD among South Asian women in the UK. Through the health promotion techniques, the government has been creating awareness, educating the South Asian women regarding the health hazards of CHD and trying to reduce the risk factors associated with the identified issue. The government is also promoting various physical activities and a healthy diet among South Asian women that would reduce the risk of CHD among this population in the UK. The data further revealed that there has been a successful response to the health preventive techniques and measures in tackling CHD in the UK. Moreover, the cultural-based initiatives employed by the government and other organizations have to a larger extent been more effective than the educational programmes. Â  

Investigating Jefferson's Definition of 'Equality Essay

Investigating Jefferson's Definition of 'Equality - Essay Example This document later on inspired the revolutionary efforts of the Americans and promoted their views and values regarding to the concept of a new nation. Declaration of Independence also played a pivotal role in many revolutions around the world, which occurred after American revolution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jefferson's document is popularly regarded as being fundamental in stating the rights of citizens. Americans, even today, believe that the phrase "all men are created equal" stated in the document is their fundamental right, and the document itself is the foundation for American equality. But Declaration of Independence (O’Brien) largely addressed to the American society and depicted only the moral rights of white free men. The rights of freedom and equality remained a dream for the women, Native Americans and African Americans of the eighteenth century American society. This paper is based on the Thesis Statement that Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia and Decl aration of Independence depict his understatement of the African race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The central theme of Jefferson's Declaration of Independence itself is against the African race that existed in America. Jefferson, as his central theme, holds that the purpose of the Government is to secure the rights of its ‘men’. ... He was raised according to the infiltrating morals and values of the patriarchal society. According to the moral beliefs of the eighteenth century, in which Jefferson was born and lived, practicing slave holding and being dependent on slaves and slave labor were not morally wrong. Jefferson, who inherited the fortune of slave holding, did not free the slaves even after declaring his thoughts on "equality and freedom†. Though Jefferson identified slavery as morally wrong and emancipated for the freedom of slaves and abolition of slavery in his Notes, he continued this practice till his death. Jefferson, by calling his slave population as ‘blacks’, exposed his thoughts against racial integration. Though Jefferson is believed to be in favor of general emancipation, he considered slaves as sub-human and "inferior to the whites in the endowments both of body and mind" (Voelker 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Jefferson holds the rights of a man for freedom and equalit y, we can see contradictory remarks about African race in his Notes and Declaration. Jefferson holds that "all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" (Jefferson). In Declaration we see him decrying slavery as a "â€Å"cruel war against human nature itself,† which violated â€Å"sacred rights of life and liberty†. He called slavery an â€Å"abominable crime,† a â€Å"moral depravity,† a â€Å"hideous blot,† and a â€Å"stain† that distorted â€Å"what nature had bestowed on us of her fairest gifts" (Boyd). But in Notes he held fast to his views that they are in "memory †¦ equal to the whites; in reason much

Work Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work Ethics - Assignment Example Research methods.-Books and Journals related to the subject. 6. Data collection & analysis. The body-Change in the Work Ethic – A Slow Transition Conclusion References (range them alphabetic). Work Ethics Abstract Work ethics is defined as one’s attitude towards work, job, career and vocation. Work ethics is intrinsic that is, it is a desire to do work ethically. Philosophically, this may lead to various perspectives; the truth about work ethics, can be answered from the Work Ethics come from God the creator. Historical evidence shows how the meaning of work has changed over the centuries. Every occupation has a different work ethics but the moral values more or less remain the same. A strong work ethic involves the belief that the work is the core of moral life useful to oneself, family and community. Strong work ethics stress on building character and discipline. As strong work ethics emphasizes moral superiority than the idle laziness, pride in craft over carelessnes s and earned income over unearned income. Work Ethics 1 Introduction: Definition Work ethics is defined as one’s attitude towards work, job, career and vocation. Work ethics is intrinsic that is, it is a desire to do work ethically. The word ethics in the corporate world constitutes various notions like honesty, responsibility, attitude, communication interaction and respect. From historical perspective, the cultural norms places work in positive moral values, as work ethics are essentially intrinsic. A definition by Hall, 1986 in Protestant Work Ethic states, â€Å"work is an effort or activity of an individual performed for the purpose of providing food or services of value to others ;it is also considered as the work performed by an individual.†According to Fineman, 1987, from Protestant Work Ethic, work is very important aspect of middle class as it describes its identity and is a means of its security; it is a secure predictable reward for its labor or efforts. De velopment of Work ethics –Brief history There has been significant change in the attitude towards work since Classical period. As cited by Roger B. Hills ,The Traditional Judeo-Christian beliefs state that sometime after the dawn of creation, man was placed in the Garden of Eden "to work it and take care of it" (NIV, 1973, Genesis 2:15). There is a likelihood that an ideal work situation was disrupted when sin entered the world and humans were thrown out of the Garden. Genesis 3:19 described the human plight from that time on. "By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are Work Ethics 2 and to dust you will return" (NIV, 1973). Rose stated that the Hebrew belief system viewed work as a "curse devised by God explicitly to punish the disobedience and ingratitude of Adam and Eve" (1985, p. 28). Numerous scriptures from the Old Testament in fact supported work, not from the stance that there was any joy in it, but from the premise that it was necessary to prevent poverty and destitution (NIV; 1973; Proverbs 10:14, Proverbs 13:4, Proverbs 14:23, Proverbs 20:13, Ecclesiastes 9:10). Change in people’s Attitude In the present times people attitude towards work has changed drastically .With these attitudinal changes some questions need to be answered. Ethics, According to William H.Shaw (P.7), deal with individual character and moral rules that govern and limit our conduct .It investigates questions of right and wrong, duty and moral obligation and moral responsibility. The Work ethics are intrinsic; they come from within. Philosophically, this may lead to various perspectives; the truth about work ethics, can be answered from the Work Ethics come from God the creator. God made humans in His image, and His word proclaims these

Trade and Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trade and Globalization - Essay Example Asian countries are busy developing channels that would lead them to penetrate the American markets. Addressing the interest of the countries involved in trade promote globalization and development trade policies among the member countries. This paper explores trade, globalization between America and Asia. Trade is a major factor that dictates economic growth of a country. Trade open links that promote international relation between countries involved. Asian and Latin America have recorded growth in trade and globalization because of the comprehensive policies that they have developed (Lynch, 2010). These policies aimed at leveraging factors that hampered trade. Bilateral trade is a situation where two countries devise policies that lead to trade between them. Structures, which promote this trade, address issues like tax policies, legislation and any other factor that would make the trading difficult. For example trade between China and America has grown over the resent past due to o pen trade policies that these two countries have adopted. Bilateral trade between China and countries in Latin America has registered growth. Research indicates that Latin America receives much of its imports from Asia. Several factors work towards promoting trade between Asia and America. Some of these factors include the following good relationship between the countries involved. The mutual relationship that exists between the countries involved in the bilateral trade contributed to the growth in the region. The following strategies have provided an enabling environment for the existence of bilateral trade between Asia and America. Creation of an enabling environment for the Caribbean and Latin America countries to offer supply chain in the Asian markets (Lynch, 2010). Creation of a trade relation between the countries involved. These strategies have provided an enabling environment for trade between Asia and America. Customization of the bilateral trade to suit the international standard has greatly led to the growth of trade between the two regions (Lynch, 2010). Opening of these regions to accommodate the global trade is a deliberate attempt that aims at expanding bilateral trade. The Asian countries took an approach that led to the formation of regional economic cooperation. Economic cooperation usually advocates for common tools that would provide trading environment. The international standards help the countries involved to work towards achieving a common objective. Largely, agencies involved in designing trade boundaries have developed proper channels, which have acted towards the growth of the trade. Legal system among the countries involved must provide an opportunity for the countries involved to trade. Some legal policies dictate the entry behavior of a country in the market. Largely, the influence of IMF policies plays a great role in defining the policies that these countries adopt for their trade. The progress of the countries relies on the ef ficiency of the policy adopted. Poor policies influence trade negatively. The economic growth of the Asian countries has recorded a substantial growth because of the changes in the global trading trends. Globalization has led to development of the international payment system, which incorporate electronics payment methods. Globalization refers to a system where countries collaborate to eliminate factors that influence trade. The aim of

Effects On The Environment Essay Example for Free

Effects On The Environment Essay The human population is growing rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next 50 years, with that being said because of the growing population it means the earth and environment will have to grow/adapt with the ever growing population of humans. One part of adapting to the population will be to try and address the needs of humans such as food, energy and raw materials. It will be hard to keep continuing to get our food, energy and raw materials in the way we do now without possibly damaging the earths environment where it cannot be repaired; Pollution, deforestation, farming, over-fishing, and global warming will be the cause of the environment being damaged. Environmental Issues Recycling: recycling is not only about waste control; it is also part of the possible conservation of resources to repairing damage on the environment. Over the last few years there has been much talk about recycling and its impact however there is still a number of individuals who still do not know how recycling can help the environment. The earth has to work hard to produce and meet the needs of the growing population; people will need to work to preserve the resources the earth has in order to ensure that the environment as we know will still be around for future populations. One problem of recycling practices is the limited emphasis put on practicing concepts of salvage and reuse. This is a society that is actively progressive and without certain information or statistics to grab the attention of society then all the concepts and information provided will fall on deaf ears. It is important for the population to start embracing these concepts otherwise Earth will be uninhabitable in the future. The emphasis of recycling is not being talked about enough, and neither is an  alternative that is why earth’s ability for growth is being challenged by what many humans do on a daily basis. There are many ways in which humans can try to address many of the environmental issues. Forestry: stop cutting down trees or less of them, and those that have been cut down should be replaced with new planted ones. Fishing: ensuring that there is a limit of how much one can fish and catch this way the fish do not become extinct. Economic issues: there needs to be an improvement of human’s standards of living by trying to reduce carbon dioxide and any type of greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture: Start producing high yielding crop of good quality without the use of chemicals and fertilizers. Energy: Try replacing non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuel with renewable sources like solar, water and wind generation for use of energy instead. Fossil fuels affect the environment in ways that many are not aware of because many do not know what fossil fuels are; Fossil fuels are- gasoline, oil, coal, or natural gas. Whenever these forms of fuel are used or burned the environment is polluted with gases that are emitted into the earth’s atmosphere which causes harm to it. These fuels are used to run cars, trucks, heat homes, business and power factories. The majority of air pollutants are usually results of fossil fuel either in the home, or from industries which use internal combustion engines, what happens when they are in use is the smoke releases tiny particles of carbon in the air, it sits suspended in the air and can reduce the light at ground level and deposits of smoke particles, soot and ash can float preventing light, because of the effects of these gases have it is important to try and find other ways to obtain fuel. Many humans believe that there is much that can be done and many are not doing, those who are trying to spread the word will confront the problem of sustainability and will try to propose ideas to do it. The idea of sustainability is the main topic with regards to the future of the environment and earth.

Is Urbanisation Positive Or Negative Environmental Sciences Essay

Is Urbanisation Positive Or Negative Environmental Sciences Essay Urban populations have greatly increased. Just recently, it exceeds the rural population around the world. There are some advantages and disadvantages of urbanization. This essay, will discuss its positive effects and negative effects of urbanization. Urbanization is good and desirable. It goes hand in hand with economic development (Debroy, 2009). People move into cities to get a better employment. In rural areas, people usually have small family farms, but it is difficult to improve ones living standard. Farm living depends on unpredictable environmental conditions. If it comes up against a drought or flood, the life will become very difficult. So people living on a farm might wish to take their chance by moving to the city and trying to make enough money to send back home to their struggling family. That is why more and more people move to cities. The development of social economy is the driving force of urbanization, while the economic globalization further accelerated urbanization. Urbanization affects many areas. At first lets discuss the relationship between urbanization and population. U.S. Population Research Institute show: There are about half of the current global population lives in cities. By 2050 this proportion will increase to two-thirds, which would bring more pressure to the citys infrastructure and resources. In 1900, 10 of the worlds most populated cities were in North America and Europe, but in the 20th century, in the top ten cities, only Tokyo, New York and Los Angeles were the cities in developed countries. But developing countries can not provide appropriate living conditions for so many urban residents. At present, there are about 25 to 30 percent of the population all over the world lives in inadequate housing facilities, or lack of water in and sewage treatment facilities streets (Chen, 2009). Urban slums are places where not only diarrhea, typhoid, gastroenteritis and other water-related diseases but also the breeding ground for sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS. So the uncontrolled increase population is one of the biggest problems of urbanization. The government needs to resolve it. Urbanization has a huge impact on the environment. The large-scale urban constructions change the original natural environment, and cause great changes for the original ecological environment. It also changed the original nature of the underlying surface. The changes of underlying surface cause the urban heat island effect. Urban construction destroys the original river system. Urbanization changes the way we use the land, and changes the original agricultural land into building land and formed a city function area (The effects of urbanization, 2008). So the urban landscape replaces the original rural landscape. Urbanization also influences the forms of employment of residents, regional industrial activities and non-agricultural activities become the main working style in the cities. Generally, the advantages of urbanization can be listed as follows. First, urbanization makes our life easier and more convenient, and it has promoted communication among people. Second, urbanization can quicken our pace of living and working style to catch up with the developed countries-as we all know that the developed countries are all high urbanized. Third, when more and more people flood into cities, the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward. Fourth, urbanization can bring a lot of job opportunities for the people who are out of work. Urbanization is often viewed as a negative trend, but in fact, it occurs naturally from individual and corporate efforts to reduce expense in commuting and transportation while improving opportunities for jobs, education, housing, and transportation. Living in cities permits individuals and families to take advantage of the opportunities of proximity, diversity, and marketplace competition (The effects of urbanization, 2008). However, the disadvantages of urbanization are also obvious. To begin with, the city pollution, especially industrial three wastes ¼Ã‹â€ so called: air pollution, water pollution and solid waste pollution ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °, damages the environment and ecology of peri-urban area. Air pollution, water pollution, and solid waste pollution decrease the quality of the urban environment and endanger peoples health. The changes of underlying surface cause the urban heat island effect. The urban heat island effect has become a growing concern problem over the years. Additional city heat is given off by vehicles and factories, as well as industrial and domestic heating and cooling units. This effect causes the city to become 1 to 6à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ warmer than surrounding landscapes. The effect also reduces the water in soil and increase carbon dioxide emissions (The effects of urbanization, 2008). Traffic and factory may cause noise pollution, which affects peoples rest, work and communication, and even affects their health. Traffic congestion and poor housing conditions are other problems in cities. Traffic congestion is leading to serious wastes of time and energy. Meanwhile lack of housing and its poor quality affect the quality of urban environment. Rapid growth of the urban population may cause the problem of unemployment. It is imbalance in development between Urban and rural. A large number of landless farmers on resettlement are the biggest problem of government departments. Moreover, more problems, such as increasing crime rate, over-crowding, might increase, since more people are concentrated in a relatively smaller place. But the problems above can be solved by government. First, the government should order the factory to reduce emissions. Then advises people do the garbage recycling. Second, the government should plant more trees in the city. Third, develops public transports. Finally, the government needs to control the population increase and improves peoples living standards. It is obvious that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Urbanization is an inevitable product of social development. High urbanized growth is the mark of developed countries. The process of urbanization is same as the process of human development. Although in this process we will meet many problems, we should try to solve it. So our city will have a better future.

The Battle of Taiyuan

The Battle of Taiyuan Tom Su The battle of Taiyuan includes: Battle of Pingxingguan battle, Tianzhen, Xinkou battle, battle of Taiyuan, battle of niangziguan. From October 1937 to November, during the Anti Japanese War, Chinese second troops with the Japanese army in North China in the north of Shanxi Province, the eastern and central regions of the large-scale strategic defense battle.[1] In the late summer of 1937; the Japanese Kwantung Army chief of staff under the command of Tojo E, the army set up headquarters in Toronto, with four brigade troops along the flat Suilu from mongolia. Pinghan way Japanese army Fifth Division at the head of the division under the command of Itagaki Shiro, from Huailai through Weixian County, Laiyuan to Baoding to coordinate operations. China, the national government in the second fight in each department in Weixian County, and Tian Zhen, Yanggao Pingxingguan, Datong in the near to the main assembly, in preparation for julebu and Japanese aggression army battle. Since September 5th the Japanese attack West , only twenty days, they occupied the city, the town of Datong, Jining, Yanggao and large area. Tianzhen Battle: battle from September 3rd started, more than 1 thousand and 500 Japanese troops began to attack the Kuomintang positions,In September 5th, 6, the Japanese aircraft, tanks, artillery, armored vehicles and step more than 3 thousand horsemen began to attack the town main position. In the attack, the Japanese army also used a gas bomb, in addition to the aircraft. The 400 regiment stationed in Panshan to resist, the end result was hopelessly outnumbered more than and 800 casualties, run out of ammunition and food supplies, and after  the Japanese breakthrough position.In September 9th, the fall of yanggao. The Japanese siege complex back to TianZhen. The posterior was amputated, commander Li Fuying ordered to leave,at12,Tianzhen fall, North Shanxi lost barrier. Pingxingguan Battle: in September 21st, the Japanese army Fifth Division twenty-first regiment in two infantry brigade from Hunyuan south to climb mountains, the seventeenth army attacked the defenders of positive, 23 day occupation group and then to twenty-first brigade Chengkou; from Lingqiu to the south, Pingxingguan from frontal attack, the KMT army was fighting thirty-third army seventy-third Division, 24 troops stormed again. Thirty-fifth army commander Fu Zuoyi rate reserve army 2 division reinforcements, the Japanese attack frustrated. The Eight Route Army in the 115th division division commander Lin Biao, deputy commander Nie Rongzhen led to a hit Lingqiu, Laiyuan in 685th, the main enemy lines, 686th, 687th regiment three regiment ambushed the Japanese army in Lingqiu County, favorable terrain of East Henan town Pingxingguan northeast highway on both sides of the mountain. In September 25th, the Fifth Division forty-second regiment of the twenty-first brigade and a large nu mber of baggage vehicles from Lingqiu to advance in the pre V area Pingxingguan, killed thousands of people, hundreds of vehicles were destroyed. The Japanese Army Second brigade, Fifteenth east post, 27 days on the second day of Ru Ru exports, exports fell. Japanese troops occupied Fanshi, the threat of Pingxingguan paranotum. 30 day and night, Pingxingguan garrison was ordered to withdraw to Mount Wutai. The Japanese army was in Pingxingguan westward to Daixian. Xinkou Battle: The Communist army and the Kuomintang army retreated to Xinkou, both sides of WuTaishan and the Yunzhonshan mountains, and the defense was favorable. In October 2nd, the Japanese army attacked Gouxian, and then pressed against Yuanping, defeating Jiang Yuzhens 196th brigade in thirty-fourth, December 1st, 50000 Japanese troops began in Xinkou assault, used more than thirty aircraft, forty artillery, and more than fifty tanks. 16, China to fight back, the Japanese slowdown. 19, China army successfully attacked Yangmingbao airport and destroyed 24 Japanese planes on the ground, because of air support, in 26 Japanese assault battalion China garrison line push back to Shijiazhuang through the Taiyuan railway. January 11th, the Chinese army to give up Xinkou, returned to Taiyuan. Niangziguan defense battle: The Kuomintang troops into East Shanxi Niangziguan area defense organization, positive for the seventeenth, thirtieth division, fourteenth army left, right by the third army, deputy commander of the second district chief Huang Shaohong command. In October 11th, the Japanese twentieth division of the occupation of Jingxing, a school of Niangziguan front, the main bypass in 13, captured the old customs. Yan Xishan is anxious to reinforce the north of Shanxi Province, sun Lianzhong rate of the twenty-sixth Route Army feedback Niangziguan, organized a counterattack, the Japanese fighters, but did not regain the old customs. 21, the Japanese twentieth division division commander Kawagishi Fuburo 109th division of reinforcements, to continue in the aviation support under the frontal attack of Niangziguan, covering twentieth division two commando moved southward. measuring the town of fish on the south side of Third Army breakthrough defense, and turn around to N iangziguan. Niangziguan garrison in full retreat, the Japanese teenage  boy along the west of the railway chase, blocking and repel Joseph forty-first army, the occupation of Shouyang in November 2nd. Japanese quickly approaching Yuci, The twentieth division troops baggage by Qigencun, has two times by the Eight Route Army 129th division. 26, the Japanese left about 4 Commando Brigade by endangering Taiyuan. In October 4th and 7, the Japanese army in a mountain by Guangyang 115th, 129th division of the Eight Route Army ambush. The battle of Taiyuan: In November 4th, Yan Xishan Fu Zuoyi was appointed commander of the Yugoslav capital Taiyuan, Wei commander in chief in the second front, determined to occupy Taiyuan Beijiao positions in Xinkou retreating troops, to withdraw the troops defending the Niangziguan eastern suburbs of Taiyuan, Yuci to promote the Japanese reinforcements to standby attack just thirteenth army, 7 army brigade in thirty-fifth is responsible for the damage. However, the two line is still based on the withdrawal of troops is not stable, the Japanese that followed, the order of chaos. 5, the Japanese accounted for 6 of Yuci Road, North Road, the Japanese at Taiyuan city wall, 7 sides of the Japanese siege to. Fight to the night, only more than 2000 defenders soldiers. The battle of Taiyuan is the Second World War Chinese army and Japanese army first front battle, but also Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang cooperation for the first time fighting, the Japanese army occupied Chines e slow speed, it consumes the Japanese Army forces broke the Japanese army strong. Bibliography Chen,C.Peter Battle of Shan Xi World war 2 Database 2004-2007.Accessed Fed 23.2017.www2db.com/ Akira Kakizawa Early Japanese Campaign in the 2nd Sino-Japanese war.Axis History forum Aug 2006.Accessed March 9 2017.www.forum.axishistory.com/ Long,F Battle of taiyuan.Nov 2015.Accessed March 9 2017.www.baike.baidu.com/ Xi,N Background and process of Taiyuan.March 2016.Accessed March 22.www.shanxi.sina.com.cn/ [1] Peter C. Chen. Battle of Shan Xi World War 2 Database. 2004-2007. Accessed February 23, 2017. www2db.com/ [2]

Sapphos A Prayer To Aphrodite and Seizure Essay -- Prayer To Aphrodit

Sappho's A Prayer To Aphrodite and Seizure Sappho wrote poems about lust, longing, suffering, and their connections to love. Her poetry is vivid, to the point where the reader or listener can feel the sentiments rising from the core of his or her own being. The poetry truly depicts a realistic picture of the bonds of love. Through the subtle differences of the poems, "A Prayer To Aphrodite," and "Seizure," Sappho conveys the intensity of the longing and suffering of love. In "A Prayer To Aphrodite," Sappho is offering a prayer, of sorts, to the goddess of love. She doesn't directly describe the pains her love causes her: she suggests them, and allows Aphrodite to elaborate. She mentions the grief one feels at the denial of love, but that is all. She implies that she is living in darkness, without this love she so desires. Aphrodite comes to her -- taking pains to do so -- in all her splendor. She knows immediately what Sappho wishes of her. She has been there for the same purpose before...

Apartheid In South Africa Essay -- South African Apartheid 2014

Segregation is a concept as old as time, and it is not unique to the United States. South Africa still suffers from the effects of an organized and government mandated system of segregation called apartheid that lasted for over a quarter of a century. Apartheid, literally translated from Afrikaans, means apartness (Mandela 40). It is defined as a policy of racial segregation and â€Å"political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa† (â€Å"Apartheid†). According to Robin Cohen, South African apartheid was based on four basic premises: â€Å"white monopoly of political power, the manipulation of space to achieve racial segregation, the control of black labor, and urban social control† (qtd. in Massie 385). Apartheid was widely supported by powerful nations, including the United States. However, the validity of the arguments and actions that those supporters used was questionable and not based in fact. History The brief history on South African apartheid that follows is essential to understanding the whole picture. The 1940s Apartheid began as an implied law in the seventh century with the start of the slave trade where an estimated 25 million blacks were sold into slavery over a period of 12 centuries (Stock 65). However, it was not until 1948 that the South African government actually passed apartheid laws (â€Å"Timeline†). The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 strictly prohibited people of different races marrying and having offspring (Stock 21). The 1950s The 1950s were the era of Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd, the Minister of Native Affairs, and later, Prime Minister of South Africa. The Population Registration Act of 1950 required all people to be designated and registered by a specific race: white, black, or of mixed decent, considered colored (â€Å"History†). This designation was primarily based on appearance, often by means of the â€Å"pencil in the hair† test. Officials would begin by placing a pencil in a person’s hair. If the hair was curly enough to hold the pencil while bending over, the person was black, and if the pencil fell out, the person was colored (Massie 21). In 1951 homelands, or bantustans, were established (â€Å"Timeline†). The homelands were South Africa’s equivalent to America’s reservations. Blacks, who had no rights outside their h... ...brary, Powell, WY. 7 Nov. 2004 . â€Å"Allied with Apartheid: Reagan Supported Racist South African Gvt.† Democracy Now. 11 June 2004. Lexis Nexis. NWC Library, Powell, WY. 7 Nov. 2004 . â€Å"Apartheid.† Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed. 1994. Geyer, A.L. â€Å"The Case for Apartheid, 1953.† Modern History Sourcebook. 19 Aug. 1953. EBSCOhost. NWC Library, Powell, WY. 7 Nov. 2004 . â€Å"The History of Apartheid in South Africa.† Stanford Students. 7 Nov. 2004 . â€Å"Justice for South Africa: Pay the Debt.† TransAfrica Forum. 2004. Lexis-Nexis. NWC Library, Powell, WY. 7 Nov. 2004 . Mandela, Nelson. Mandela: An Illustrated Autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown Company. 1994. Massie, Robert K. Loosing the Bonds: The United States and South Africa in the Apartheid Years. New York: Bantam. 1997. Stock, Robert. Africa South of the Sahara. New York: The Guliford Press. 1995. â€Å"Timeline of South African Apartheid.† Northstar K-12. 7 Nov. 2004 .

Intelligence led policing Essay

The terrorist attacks of September 2001 had several governments taken aback of their incapacity to detect and prevent crimes of such magnitude. The United State’s Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense, for example, have been working extra hard to detect and thwart such mishaps now and in the future. In order to realize this, most aspects of national security have been reviewed by various governments around the world (Wisler and Onwudiwe, 2009). One of these aspects is intelligence improvement and use for both internal and international security. Of most importance is internal security, given the fact that crimes such as international terror are planned and carried out by deterrents that are already living among us. Because the police have the mandate to provide internal security, they require effective intelligence to enable them to collect and act on any information related to looming attacks and dangers. Apart from intelligence led policing, there are numerous other types of policing. However, the main ones are: knowledge-based policing, problem based policing and community policing. For any crime type to be bunged, the intelligence used by police ought to be based on all possibly available information and data, collected and thoroughly evaluated. Intelligence has been defined in multiple ways. For the sake of this discussion, we will settle on a single definition: it is collecting data and information precisely touching on crime, analyzing and drawing conclusions on it. Therefore, intelligence is not any kind of information but that which has been studied and quality conclusions made on it. Intelligence can then be used to inform any concerned decision maker of the several available choices. The security personnel of any department, either the police or the military, can then draw on the analyzed findings to carry out their duties of preventing and stopping crimes by strategizing and laying good plans on how to achieve their set objectives. Intelligence led policing is a structured method of collecting, analyzing and evaluating data and information related to crime. The analyzed information is then used to guide the institutions which enforce law in determining their actions. It was first used in the United Kingdom in 1990 and later received a huge acceptance in the United States after the 2001 terrorist attacks. The Kent police in the UK used this kind of policing on car stealing, home breaks and certain types of crimes which were then considered high priority. The world’s governments later decided to use this method alongside others to curb international crime especially terrorism and to react effectively to simpler crimes at the domestic front (Wisler and Onwudiwe, 2009). The problem based policing is broad in its coverage bearing its stand on the notion that other types of policing are not committed to solving the basic criminal acts. While it concentrates on crimes that need the attention of the police and that it handles other issues other than implementing crime prevention programs, is not able to cover all sorts of crimes. On the other hand Public policing usually focus on a single type of crime for example street gangs only. It is normally used when certain crimes occur and their area of operation is the streets. It is also effective in the sense that the time, when the required information is obtained and when action is taken on it, is relatively short. Its mainstay is to deter and disable unlawful trends. Criminals are also profiled to help in analysis. Finally, its approach involves the use of tour of duty personnel, strategic divisions and detectives.

Creating an Engaging Reading

If it’s tough to write it’s even tougher to write one that engaging, or is it? I have evidenced two types of writing that work for me. 1. Writing as execution of Play[wild-fire] 2. Writing as execution of Plan[following] The first one is my choice whether its philosophy or science, I prefer the first method. And to be engaging 1. It should start from the reader, creating a wonder in him 2. It should continue creating wonder. . . 3. It should be short, one-sitting reading. Now creating an engaging reading is very much a question of how to make people wonder and curious every time. And one can’t create wonder for the sake of it, only an insight can create that. Ie insight creates a broad POV with respect to the topic which can then be used to project it. Wild fire thinking is essential in this regard. And nothing comes out of thin air without thinking, so all in all it does takes time to make a really good engaging read, but that time is not addition to the thinking time? And the thought of making the really dry non fiction, makes it to get integrated with the fiction. And embodied metaphors are also worthy in this regard. In this regard a good writing comes out of play, just as the poet who said , one should keep writing and writing and writing till it causes, pain infact what he saying is that to let the mind to play and get some data which you can then organize and play the game. Can science be like that, can we make the objective data subjective. No matter what you are trying to say, if you are trying to make sense, make meaning then you must log on to philosophy, fiction, poetry because that what builds and inspires the meaning it’s not logic and reason as said in ‘Mind in society’ , ‘homo ludes’ and in ‘man play and games’. What does it mean to have an insight, to have an insight is to have an wonderful understanding of something, to have an unusual understanding of something, and the good news is its always a result of Play. Resumes, News papers atc are written to spread information while few others are written to spread the meaning. In such cases the best practice would to mirror the writer’s own mind as he writes. Articles written to spread the meaning are more engaging than the articles written to spread the info. Highly cited research articles regardless of their field are found in agreement with this. I. e the piece the writer writes should be a live recorded footage of his learning, so it’s a matter of play and a little game. Whatever that gets through his head while he is at play, Conversations, pictures, anecdotes etc would be the best thing and best order but one should be aware whether it’s authentic content or not. And one should decidedly remove stuff which is unauthentic in this regard. A good article/book will be reflection of writer’s learning, Writer’s learning as it happened. So writing is not different from learning and it’s not an extra burden as usually thought. Follow the sense, sound will follow: poet Follow the thought with pen, engaging reading will follow: Writer

People Management and Organisation Development

Executive Summary The introduction of changes in a business is usually related to resistance at lower or higher level. Such risk can be reduced if appropriate measures are taken in advance. In this study, reference is made to an organisation’s effort to implement a change plan in order to secure the benefits of Organisational Development. The above effort of the organisation has led to certain benefits. Still, improvements would be made to the plan so that a long term growth is achieved. It should be noted that the business operate in the fast food industry, a sector which is quite competitive. In UK, where the business is based, the strong competition of the industry has been combined with the market pressures. This means that in order to secure their organisational development the businesses of the industry, including the business under review, should focus on all aspects of organisational change. 1.0 Introduction The appearance of failures in the completion of daily organisational tasks usually indicates the need for reviewing the organisational sectors involved. If such initiative is not taken immediately then the deterioration of organisational performance is not avoided. For ensuring that such phenomena are avoided in their environment businesses can act in advance by developing a flexible strategy, i.e. a strategy that allows to managers an early intervention to organisational problems (Pasmore et al., 2013). In this way, chances for severe losses are limited while the exposure of the organisation to further risks is reduced. Organisational development is a framework that helps managers to face problems by implementing appropriate plans of change. In the literature, organisational development has been described as ‘the process of planned change and improvement of organisations through the application of knowledge of the behavioural sciences’ (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009: 504). The practical implications of organisational development are explored in this paper. Reference is made to a business of the UK fast-food industry. The specific business operates in UK for more than 10 years and it is part of a global chain of fast-food restaurants. Due to severe problems in the organisation’s daily operations the implementation of a plan for change was considered as the only solution. The key aim of this effort was to achieve organisational development within the shortest possible period and within an economy budget. Following this practice would allow the business to keep its performance standardized while organisational development would be in progress. The target set was only partially achieved. Losses were minimized but the cost of the strategy was proved much higher than initially estimated. Being an employee of the business during this period I am able to describe the various phases of organisational development, as occurred in the particular business. A series of factors have negatively affected the progress of the strategy. Still, the benefits gained through the implementation of change cannot be ignored. Drawbacks would need a bit longer, than expected, in order to disappear. 2.0 Organisational development in practice – a case study 2.1 Overview of the UK fast food sector The UK fast food sector is a quite powerful one. In fact, the specific sector is characterized by strong competition and the increased control of multinational brands, such as McDonalds and KFC (Ibis World, 2014). Despite the signs of decreased performance in the near past, the particular sector shows signs of long term growth. So far, the businesses of this sector achieve a growth of 2.5% annually (Ibis World 2014, par.2). Local brands seem to have improved their position while new entrants have become common phenomenon. For the future, the perspectives of the sector have been highlighted as significant. Still, concerns have appeared in regard to critical issues that have been related to industry’s products; reference can be made, as an example, to the concerns developed by governmental and non-governmental organisations in UK for the potential threat of the sector’s products for children’s health (Hardwick, 2014). 2.2 Assessment of the strategy implemented In order to evaluate the appropriateness of the strategy of change implemented in the organisation of the case study it is necessary to present primary this strategy’s parts. Then, an assessment can be produced in regard to this strategy taking into consideration the existing literature but also the benefits and drawbacks of the strategy, as appeared almost immediately after the strategy’s implementation.2.2.1 Key elements of the strategyThe strategy implemented in the business under examination had two parts: a) the first part referred to the introduction of changes in the tasks allocated to the staff; changes were introduced in relation to the duties of all employees, including for the restaurant’s supervisor; b) the second part of the strategy included a training program. All employees in the businesses had to participate in a training program of six weeks. The participation in the program was mandatory for employees. In order to avoid resistance the owner of the business has announced that during the program employees would be paid normally, as being in work. In the context of the program each employee had to spend one hour daily in classroom-based lectures. Also, employees were provided with support material, such as notes and lists with resources for further study. Each Friday employees had to pass a test on the week’s material. The results of the test were checked by a HR consultant. Each second Friday, the consultant had a meeting with employees for discussing their progress. At the end of the program employees passed an evaluation test the results of which were announced to the business owner. These results were combined with the employees’ overall performance, as reported daily in the workplace. Emphasis was given to the potential of employees to respond to their new duties and to achieve self-improvement.2.2.2 Critical assessment of the strategy’s appropriatenessAccording to the literature, organisational dev elopment is a complex framework. Indeed, in practice it has been proved that the above framework can refer either to the structural characteristics of a business or to the communication channels used by employees for responding to the needs of their role (Cummings and Worley, 2014). The major advantage of OD it its potential to be related ‘either to organisational structure or to organisational processes’ (Cummings and Worley, 2014: 3). Brandford and Burke (2005) also agree that OD is quite wide incorporating practices of different elements depending on the skills/ experiences of the managers involved or on the resources available for the implantation of the relevant strategy. On other hand, Yaeger and Sorensen (2009) have supported that organisational development cannot be achieved just by introducing change. Rather, it is necessary to review organisational strategy carefully and to proceed to radical improvements (Yaeger and Sorensen, 2009). In other words, OD should be based on short-term benefits but rather on the long term organisational growth. A similar approach is used by Anderson (2013). The above researcher explains that OD is not just a series of changes on existing business activities. It is rather a framework for transforming organisational practices. Such benefit can be secured only if organisational culture is also reviewed and updated (Anderson, 2013). The value of OD for the improvement of organisational performance is also highlighted in the study of Rothwell et al. (2009). In the above study particular reference is made to the leader’s role in the successful implementation of OD plans. This view is justified by referring to the following fact: in case of strong oppositions towards an OD plan the leader is the person that has to assess the crisis appropriately and to take emergent decisions. If the leader fails to respond effectively in any phase of the plan then the chances for the success of the plan are significantly re duced (Rothwell et al., 2009). The potential practices of managers for developing effective strategies are presented in the graph in Figure 1 (Appendices). According to the above, the strategy of change implemented in the business reviewed in this paper cannot be characterized as fully effective. At a first level, the restaurant’s manager has accepted that he had not experience on such plans. Then, when employees started to have concerns on their replacement during their absence for the seminars no clear answer was given to them. No particular program has been developed for arranging the changing of swifts during the training program. Rather, swift arrangements were made daily, in the beginning of the swift and with reference to the other day. In this way, if an employee would not be able to replace a colleague as a result of an unexpected event, then the staff’s left in the restaurant would not be adequate for covering the tasks required. On the other fact, all employ ees have welcomed the re-distribution of tasks and the arrangement of meetings with the HR consultant. Due to these practices the restaurant’s efforts to promote change have faced minimum resistance from employees. 2.3 Evaluation of how the cooperation of stakeholders has been ensured In the change plan implemented in the business under examination the cooperation of stakeholders has been attempted by using two motives: one monetary and the other non-monetary. Indeed, at a primary level efforts have been made so employees do not feel as suffering losses due to their participation in the OD plan of the organisation. In fact, employees are compensated normally without their participation in the training program to reduce their daily income. Moreover, a non-monetary motive has been used by the employer in order to ensure that employees would not feel as threatened by the change efforts: employees have the chance to discuss with the HR consultant in regard to the changes in their duties but also in regard to their needs and weaknesses as of the tasks assigned to them daily. In this way, the change plan becomes for employees a chance for self-development and not a cause for potential losses. The effectiveness of this approach could be decided by referring to the respon ses of employees to the plan of change but also to their views as of the particular organisational initiative. After the end of the training program a survey was conducted within the business. Employees had to state their view on the OD plan so far and to make suggestions for potential improvements of the plan. The findings of the survey seem to be quite satisfactory: about 73% of employees are convinced for the plan’s necessity while 68% of employees agree that the chosen approaches for promoting change have been appropriate. However, there is also a percentage 32% of employees that would prefer to wait for a particular period of time before developing an opinion for the plan’s effectiveness. The literature developed in this field offers the chance to understand the role of stakeholders in the organisational development but also the need to secure their participation in any organisational change plan. For Grieves (2010) stakeholders would be willing to support the OD of a business only in the following case: that they would be given the chance to share their knowledge/ resources with the organisation. For example, customers would be supportive to an organisation’s effort to improve its services by giving to customers the potential for a feedback (Grieves, 2010). The provision of free Internet within a restaurant so that customers can check the daily menu and state their view on their food on real-time would be another scheme for increasing the customers’ interest towards the business involved. From another point of view, Schabracq (2009) explained that the efforts for securing the stakeholders’ support in a plan of change should be based on criteria of hierarchy: emphasis should be given primarily to the members of the organisation as ‘those who are interested mostly for the organisation’s success’ (Schabracq, 2009: 23). However, Roberts notes that when being in front of a plan of change the employees of a business are likely to react primarily with ‘cynicism and skepticism’ (2014: 58). If checked using the literature mentioned above, the approach of the manager to secure the support of stakeholders can be characterized as successful. However, this view would refer only to a particular category of stakeholders: employees. For other categories, including customers and community valid view could be formulated after a period of time, such as 6 months, and after checking the business performance in practice. For example, if 6 months after the number of customers’ complaints would continue to increase then the alteration of the OD plan of the business would be unavoidable. In other words, the business has emphasized just on its close stakeholders, probably believing that in this way direct benefits could be achieved. For the stakeholders of the business that are outside of the internal organisational environment (Figure 2) the relevant measures would take long to show their benefits, a view that can be considered as partially justified. 3.0 Conclusion The implementation of a change plan in the business under review has been considered as the only way to achieve organisational development (OD). However, the change plan introduced has not been carefully designed. The fact that emphasis has been given to employees can be considered as justified since employees are those directly affected by the organisational performance and those that can mostly prevent the success of such plan (Oswick, 2013). However, the failure of the business to address the needs of other stakeholders can be considered as a major issue (Idris et al., 2014). In addition, signs of improvement of the daily performance of business have appeared but this benefit has been achieved employing higher investment than estimated (Barnard and Stoll, 2010). Of course, the efforts of a business to promote change should not be too dynamic. In this case the chance for the negative responses of the stakeholders is high (Hashim, 2014). In regard to this issue it has been noted tha t the opposition of stakeholders to a change plan is likely to become ‘stronger as the time passes’ (Roberts 2014; 58). For eliminating such risk the managers of GM have preferred to follow Lewin’s plan of change (Figure 3), which highlights the value of slow steps in the implementation of change in each organisation. The manager in the business under examination seemed to have preferred a similar approach. Despite this fact, the alteration of the strategy implemented as certain of its parts would result to the increase of the strategy’s effectiveness. 4.0 Recommendations The strategy of change implemented in the business under review should be improved at the following points: a) customers should be given the chance to evaluate the business performance and to make their recommendations in regard to the progress of change, as applied in the business; for example, a customer-feedback leaflet should be available in the restaurant; b) the website of the restaurant should be appropriately customized so that the following option is available to customers: customers should be given the potential to vote online for the restaurant’s menu, making their choices as their preferences. The results would be evaluated by the firm’s manager on a weekly basis so that drawbacks of the menu are addressed. In other words, customers should be given a more active role in the improvement of organisation’s performance. The specific approach however would require the transformation of the business culture which is more aligned with the interests of its cl osest stakeholders, i.e. its members, a practice that it is not always considered as negative (Schabracq, 2009); c) also, a supervision scheme should be developed for ensuring that the phases of the strategy of change are sufficiently monitored as in all of their elements. This measure would be aligned with the suggestions made by Griffith-Cooper and King (2007) in regard to the importance of control in the organisational change (Figure 4). 5.0 Bibliography Anderson, D., 2013. Organisation Development: The Process of Leading Organisational Change. London: SAGE. Asghar, Z., 2011. New Approach to Strategic Planning: the Impact of Leadership and Culture on Plan Implantation via the three Cs: Cooperation, Collaboration and Coordination. 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