Is First Do No Harm Part of the Hippocratic Oath

The expression first do no harm is a popular term used to express the underlying ethical rules of modern medicine. Although this is generally thought to have been taken from the ancient Greek Hippocratic oath, no translations of the oath contain this language.   Key Takeaways The expression first do no harm, which is a Latin phrase, is not part of the original or modern versions of the Hippocratic oath, which was originally written in Greek.  The Hippocratic oath, written in the 5th century BCE, does contain language suggesting that the physician and his assistants should not cause physical or moral harm to a patient.  The first known published version of do no harm dates to medical texts from the mid-19th century, and is attributed to the 17th century English physician Thomas Sydenham.   What Does First Do No Harm Mean? First do no harm is a popular saying that derives from the Latin phrase, primum non nocere or primum nil nocere. The term is particularly popular amongst those involved in the field of healthcare, medicine, or bioethics, and among popular accounts of the medical field, since it is a basic principle taught in healthcare-providing classes. The takeaway point of first do no harm is that, in certain cases, it may be better to do nothing rather than intervening and potentially causing more harm than good.   History of the Hippocratic Oath   The Hippocratic oath is part of an outline of essential ethics in medicine which is described in ancient Greek literature. Hippocrates was a Greek physician who lived on the island of Cos between about 460-370 BCE. He wrote many medical texts and is considered one of the most important figures in ancient Greek medicine. He is generally credited with writing the original Hippocratic Oath.   The oldest extant mention of the Hippocratic Oath was found on a medical papyrus dated to the 5th century CE, one of the many thousands of manuscripts found in the archaeological treasure trove Oxyrhynchus. The oldest extant version is from the 10th century CE. It is stored in the Vatican library. The original is thought to have been a written law of the medical fraternal organization on the island of Cos, of which Hippocrates was a member. Written in Greek about 421 BCE, the oath was originally intended as a pledge between a master (the physician) and his qualified assistants.   The Original Purpose of the Oath Healers in Athenian society were known as Asclepiads and they belonged to a guild (koinon), to which they inherited their right of membership from their fathers. Hippocrates father and grandfather before him were members of the guild on Cos. Then, doctors were itinerant specialists who carried their skills from city to city, setting up surgeries. Rather than a promise made by new doctors on joining the guild, the oath was sworn by nurses and assistants in the various surgeries as part of a promise to obey the doctor.   According to the original Hippocratic oath, these assistants were to respect their masters, share medical knowledge, help patients and avoid harming them medically or personally, seek help from other physicians when necessary, and keep patient information confidential.  Ã‚   However, there is no mention of the phrase first do no harm in the original oath. Hippocratic Oath in Modern Usage Although first do no harm does not actually come from the Hippocratic oath verbatim, it can be argued that it does come from that text in essence. That is, similar ideas are conveyed in the text of the Hippocratic Oath. Take, for example, this related section which has been translated as: I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous. I will give no deadly medicine to anyone if asked, nor suggest any such counsel, and in like manner I will not give to a woman a pessary to produce abortion.   In reading the Hippocratic oath, it is apparent that not harming the patient is explicit. However, it is not clear that abstain from whatever is deleterious is equivalent to doing no harm.   Of the Epidemics A closer version to the succinct do no harm does come (possibly) from Hippocrates, however. Of the Epidemics is a part of the Hippocratic Corpus, which is a collection of ancient Greek medical texts written between 500 and 400 BCE. Hippocrates was never proven to be the author of any of these works, but the theories do follow closely with Hippocrates teachings. Regarding first do no harm, Of the Epidemics is considered to be the more likely source of the popular saying. Consider this quote: The physician must be able to tell the antecedents, know the present, and foretell the future  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  must mediate these things, and have two special objects in view with regard to disease, namely, to do good or to do no harm.   However, according to an exhaustive search of the ancient and historical literature conducted by pharmacologist Cedric M. Smith, the phrase primum non nocere does not appear in medical texts until the mid-19th century, when it is attributed to the 17th century English physician Thomas Sydenham.   The Hippocratic Oath At many medical schools, but by no means all, a version of the Hippocratic oath is given to the student on graduation or read to the students in the first year. Different countries have different customs about the oath. In French medical schools, it is common to have the student sign the oath on graduation. In the Netherlands, students must swear to it verbally.   At graduation, some deans read the oath while the students stand silent. In others, the students repeat a modern version of the oath at the graduation ceremony. However, data on these reports do not tell how often primum non nocere is included as part of the oath.   Sources Crawshaw, Ralph. The Hippocratic Oath [with Reply]. BMJ. BMJ: British Medical Journal, T. H. Pennington, C. I. Pennington, et al., Vol. 309, No. 6959, JSTOR, October 8, 1994. Jones, Mary Cadwalader. The Hippocratic Oath. The American Journal of Nursing. Vol. 9, No. 4, JSTOR, January 1909.   Nittis, Savas. The Authorship and Probable Date of the Hippocratic Oath. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 7, JSTOR, July 1940. Shmerling, Robert H., MD. The Myth of the Hippocratic Oath. Harvard Health Publishing. Harvard Medical School, Harvard Health Blog, Harvard University, November 28, 2015. Smith, Cedric M. Origin and Uses of Primum Non Nocere  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  Above All, Do No Harm! The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Volume 45, Issue 4, American College of Clinical Pharmacology, John Wiley Sons, Inc., March 7, 2013.

Personal Statement Ruby Payne s Nine Powerful...

Ruby Payne is respected by the educational world as she provides many ways to help those in poverty learn and rise to success. Educators attend conferences and seminars to learn about how to help those in their classroom that have conflicting behaviors to what is accepted at school. According to Payne in â€Å"Nine Powerful Practices,† she addressed nine ways to help these low-income students. She discusses the importance of respect between the teacher and student. Those who may not be familiar with a respectful relationship between an adult will learn it at school by the teacher providing acceptance and assistance to their needs. A teacher is not to provide passive displays of aggression to show that they are disappointed or frustrated. The best would be to pull a child to the side preferably when other children are not around to discuss how a respectful relationship would work. A teacher should form close relationships with those in his/her classroom. Making sure that children feel loved helps encourage them to learn. Payne also addresses the type of language to use in the classroom. She notes that speaking with a mix of formality and casualty that is called consultative speech will help teach those in poverty what is the acceptable behavior at school. Those who do not speak with speech that shows formality can be taught another phrase for what they are trying to say. Working in a poor district does not have to be a disadvantage. Teachers can find ways to helpShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America

Challenges faced by Psychiatric Nurse-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Identify the challenges faced by Psychiatric Nurse in maintaining Patients autonomy during Emergencies. Answer: Introduction: The nursing practice standard is organized around the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning specific health outcome, implementing interventions and evaluating the care process. However, psychiatric mental health nurse face various challenges in maintaining the nursing standards while caring for mentally ill patients. According to the standard 9 of the NMBA standards for nursing practice, nurses are required to support individual or groups to informed decision making and respect a patients decision for care (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice 2017). This implies that nurses have the responsibility to respect patients autonomy while delivering care (Rahmani, Ghahramanian Alahbakhshian, 2010). However, in psychiatric nursing practice, ethical challenges increases for mental health nurses as they cannot engage patients in decision making due to impaired mental and reasoning capacity. This increases the risk of violation of pat ients autonomy and creates a dilemma for nurse. Increase in ethical dilemma apart from the complexity in care of mentally ill patient is the major reason for high turnover rate and poor satisfaction of nurse with psychiatric nursing job (Ma et al., 2016). To overcome these issues and increase the satisfaction of psychiatric nurse in their professional practice, conducting qualitative research to get detailed insight about challenges in maintaining patient autonomy in psychiatric nursing practice is important. This will help to modify models of care and give nurses the flexibility to justify their action of taking clinical decision on behalf of patient in emergencies despite the need to maintain patients autonomy during clinical decision making. This research proposal seeks to employ qualitative research method to understand the dilemma faced by psychiatric nurse in decision making during emergency situation. Research question and research objective: Research objective: The main objective of the research proposal is to- Identify the challenges faced by psychiatric nurse in maintaining patients autonomy during emergencies Evaluate the impact of challenges on psychiatric nursing practice Identify and recommend strategies to improve the skills of psychiatric nurse Recommend strategies to overcome the identified challenges and promote ethically safe nursing practice Research question: The research question is- What are factors that results in violation of patients autonomy/right during emergencies? What is the impact of these challenges on mental health nursing experience? How can they cope with the challenges? Gaps in Literature review: Before proceeding with the research work, it is necessary to review previous research done on the topic and find out what questions stills remain unanswered. The review of recent literature on the issue of ethical conflict in psychiatric nursing practice has shown that frequent ethical problem between nurse and mentally ill patient arise due to neglect and careless behavior towards patients, poor knowledge of nursing ethics and poor skills to manage complexities of psychiatric nursing practice (Rahmani, Ghahramanian Alahbakhshian 2010). Smith Herber (2015) justified the nurse action of violating patients autonomy to serve the best interest of patient and prevent them from any harm. The research explained that people with mental disorders have poor capacity to give informed consent during emergencies and in such situations nurses are required to take best decision on behalf of patient without compromising their life. They do not have the option of consulting family members too becau se they may not be readily available during emergencies or waiting for them might risk patients life. In addition, Puthran et al., (2013) also pointed out that violation of patients autonomy incidence depended on level of therapeutic relationship between patient and nurse. This was based on the assumption that a nurse is more likely to respect patients autonomy if they have good understanding about the subjective feelings of patients with mental illness. Despite the presence of useful insight regarding ethical implication in psychiatric nursing, the gap in these research work was that no process or system was described by which nurses could report about ethical issues in their practice. In some studies, detailed analysis of challenges was not present which limited the transferability of the findings in real setting. Some studies did not addressed the consequences of the challenges for psychiatric nurse. Secondly, there is lack of appropriate evidence regarding the coping mechanism t hat nurses can take to manage professional obstacles in nursing practice. Research methodology: Research paradigm and approach: As the key focus of the research proposal is to investigate in-depth about the psychiatric nurses perspective about violating patients autonomy in emergencies, the use of qualitative research approach is considered to be the most appropriate according to the research objective. The qualitative method of inquiry is useful for in-depth understanding of human behavior and this can be effectively used to evaluate the experiences of psychiatric nurse too (Lewis 2015). The nature of this research can also be defined as exploratory as it mainly explores the research question in detail to determine the nature of problem. Data for the research can be collected by semi-structure interview or survey method and the main advantage of exploratory nature of research in the context of the research question is that it will provide better understanding about the ethical challenges faced by nurse and facilitate brining change in the right direction based on the revelations from the new data (Barker and Pistrang, 2015). By this approach, the meaning of the data can be adequately categorized according to different themes. Reliable and clear set of data can be collected by semi-structured interview method. The use of open-ended questionnaire will help to explore relevant topic in depth which might not be possible with close ended questions (Leung 2015). Close ended questionnaire will also be prepared mainly to get demographic detail of research participants such as age, experience and qualification. Research paradigm is the specific method of inquiry and interpretation to understand a phenomenon in particular context (Mertens 2014). As the purpose of this research proposal is to investigate and evaluate challenges experienced by psychiatric nurse in maintaining patients autonomy during emergencies, it is reflective of interpretivist paradigm. Interpretivist research approach aims to understand human experience and as this research proposal particularly investigates about the experience of psychiatric nurse, it is also dependent on participants views of the situation (Cohen et al. 2013). It can also be regarded as anti-positivism and phenemonology paradigm because anti-positivism focus on interpreting the individual by the ideological position they posses and phenomenological research approach helps to explore the reasons for specific behavior of an individual based on direct interaction with the phenomena (Burrell and Morgan 2017). Hence, this research will not begin with a theo ry, however patterns of meaning will be generated by means of appropriate data collection method. The use of semi-structured interview method in this research also shows qualitative phenomenological approach in research which seeks to describe the lived experience of a phenomenon (Smith 2015). In the research, the lived experience of psychiatric nurse will be investigated and the phenomenon is working engaging in decision making with mentally ill patient. Research design: Descriptive qualitative research design has been adapted for this research proposal as it seeks to investigate about the research topic by means of qualitative semi-structured interview method. This is in relevance to the interpretivist research paradigm because interpretivist research approach integrates human interest in study and this research also focuses on the interest of psychiatrist nurse (Ormston et al. 2014). The reality of challenges in this study will be explored by interviewing psychiatrist nurse working in emergency care with the use of detailed questionnaire on the research topic. The descriptive research design will help to organize the findings into different theme and analyze them individually. True meaning behind the reason for increase in ethical issues related to patients autonomy violation by psychiatric nurse can be understood from this study. Research strategy Data collection: To address the research question, primary data will be collected by means of interview and survey methods. The interview will be based on set of open-ended and close ended questionnaire related to the research questions. The close ended questionnaire for the study will include the following: Year of experience in emergency department of acute mental health nursing Interaction with type of mentally ill patients Age and country of origin Qualification The open-ended questionnaire will inquire about the following Number of ethical violations related to patients autonomy Factors contributing to violation of patients autonomy System in place of psychiatric nurse to report about challenges in psychiatric practice Coping mechanism adopted to deal with challenges The interview will be conducted with selected sample group in an enclosed room and recorded for data analysis purpose. The main interviewer for the study will be an individual with at least 10 years of experience in psychiatric nursing practice but belonging to different institute. This will eliminate any biasness in analysis of research data. The primary data will help in collection of all information related to research question and topic. This can then be analyzed by researcher to answer the research question. Sampling method: The research will be conducted in a reputed mental health care setting in Australia. Non-probability sampling method will be followed to choose specific participants as per requirements of the research. Non-probability sampling is different form probability sampling as it does not employ random methods for selection of participants. This helps in the selection of participants according to specific plan of research (Acharya et al., 2013). The main criteria for selecting sample in this research study is- The participants must have qualification in psychiatric nursing Students with experience up to ten years will be included Nursing student must be between the age of 20-50 years Before conducting the research, the ethical approval for the study will be taken from the Research Committee of Australia and the permission for interview will also be taken from the mental health care setting. The participants will be provided all detail about the purpose of research and they will be included in the research study only after they give their consent for research (Marshall and Rossman 2014).For this, consent form will be sent to all psychiatric nurses. The sample size will be determined on the basis of number of positive response by psychiatric nurses. Data analysis: After the collection of data from semi-structured interview method, the evaluation of the data can be done by thematic approach. The data obtained from the interview can be categorized into the different themes such as organizational barrier, personal practice barrier and patient related barrier based on the response from participants. The content analysis can be done by summarization and tabulation method. The basic level of analysis will be descriptive account of the data and high level would be interpretive analysis of the participants response (Elo et al., 2014). This research design is likely to cover the limitation found in past research as it will provided detailed analysis about challenges and it will also give idea about the limitation in the current system present for nurse to report about ethical challenges in emergency nursing practice. Structure of research: The proposed research will have five chapters consisting of introduction, literature review, research methodology, findings and discussion and conclusion. The first chapter will clearly explain the purpose and significance of research. The second will present the previous work on the topic of investigation. The third chapter will adequately summarize relevant research design, data collection and sampling methods adopted for conducting the research. The fourth chapter will give an indication about the response of ethical challenges faced by psychiatric nurses while working with mentally ill patient patient. Based on the study finding, the final chapter will recommend appropriate strategies needed to enhance the competency of nurse in maintain patients autonomy during care References Acharya, A.S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P. and Nigam, A., 2013, Sampling: Why and how of it, Indian Journal of Medical Specialties,4(2), pp.330-333. Barker, C. and Pistrang, N., 2015, Research methods in clinical psychology: An introduction for students and practitioners, John Wiley Sons. Burrell, G. and Morgan, G., 2017, Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis: Elements of the sociology of corporate life, Routledge. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., 2013.Research methods in education. Routledge. Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K. and Kyngs, H., 2014, Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness,Sage Open,4(1), p.2158244014522633. Eren, N., 2014, Nurses attitudes toward ethical issues in psychiatric inpatient settings, Nursing ethics,21(3), pp.359-373. Leung, L., 2015 Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research Journal of family medicine and primary care,4(3), p.324. Lewis, S., 2015, Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, Health promotion practice,16(4), pp.473-475. Ma, Y.C., Yang, C.Y., Tseng, C.A. and Wu, M.H., 2016 Predictors of Work Stress among Psychiatric Nursing Staff in Rural and Urban Settings in TaiwanInternational Journal of Studies in Nursing,1(1), p.70. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B., 2014, Designing qualitative research, Sage publications. Mertens, D.M., 2014, Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods Sage publications. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice. 2017,Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au., Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards/registered-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx Ormston, R., Spencer, L., Barnard, M. and Snape, D., 2014, The foundations of qualitative research, Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers,2. Puthran, S., Vaswani, V., Jain, A. Kakunje, A., 2013, Perception about autonomy of patients having psychiatric disorder/illness by psychiatry nursing Staff,Age,21, p.30. Rahmani, A., Ghahramanian, A., Alahbakhshian, A. (2010), Respecting to patients autonomy in viewpoint of nurses and patients in medical-surgical wards, Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research,15(1), 14. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015, Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods, Sage. Smith, J.P. Herber, O.R., 2015, Ethical issues experienced by mental health nurses in the administration of antipsychotic depot and long?acting intramuscular injections: A qualitative study, International journal of mental health nursing,24(3), pp.222-230.

What Must Be Done to Improve Ethics in Finance and Corporate Governance free essay sample

Corporate governance can be referred to the rules, processes, or laws by which businesses are operated, regulated and controlled. It can also refer to internal factors defined by the officers, stockholders or constitution of a corporation. After finding the meaning of Corporate governance, which can also be referred to corporate responsibility, I thought about the policies in which the company I work for have. I work for Northrop Grumman, which is one of the leaders in global security. My company does strive to remain committed to maintaining the highest of ethical standards, embracing diversity and becoming an ideal corporate citizen ,taking responsibility for the quality , delivering customer satisfaction, demonstrating leadership as a company, acting with integrity, valuing people, and regarding our suppliers as essential team members. A lot of training programs and ethics training must be completed every year in order to have access to computer systems. They have strict policies on which business associates are to conduct business. We will write a custom essay sample on What Must Be Done to Improve Ethics in Finance and Corporate Governance? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So there are a lot of regulations on not sacrificing integrity to achieve business objectives. The goal is to abide by the highest principles and integrity and concern for others. With the reputation Northrop Grumman has, they strive on doing what is right, so respect and support is gained. Corporate governance has received a lot of attention because of the scandals involving abuse of corporate power, alleged criminal activity and unethical or illegal acts on the name of the company. Corporate governance matters because there is a level of confidence that is associated with a company that is known to have a good reputation. Having the presence of a directors and board members contributes a great deal towards ensuring confidence the market. Since Northrop Grumman works in the US and internationally, investors are depending on this information, to know whether to invest in them or not. Having corporate governance makes it easier for companies to source capital at more reasonable costs. When you think about corporate governance and the scandals that come to mind is Enron. This turned out to be scan in which Enron lied about its profits, shady dealings and concealing debts. A lot of regulations came down from the government regarding corporate responsibility and regulations. Big businesses had a lot of freedom to do what they wanted to do. Directors, Shareholders, and Presidents of companies needed to take another look at how their businesses were being run. What needs to change and what needs to be implemented so this doesn’t happen to us? The Securities and Exchange Commission voted on three measures that are intended to better inform and empower investors to improve corporate governance and help restore investor confidence. The Commission proposed requiring public companies receiving money from the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to provide a shareholder vote on executive pay in their proxy solicitations . The Commission also voted to propose better disclosure of executive compensation at public companies in their proxy statements, and approved a New York Stock Exchange rule change to prohibit brokers from voting proxies in corporate elections without instructions from their customers. Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) in an effort to protect U. S. capital markets and millions of American shareholders. SOX promote accountability and transparency in corporations. It also has a few provisions that enhance the effectiveness of corporate directors, in-house and outside counsel, and internal and external auditors. Some ways that the SEC can enforce these compliance regulations is to develop an inspection program to review corporation’s financial statement and accounting practices. Shareholders should be given a greater role in voting, through nominations, election of individual candidates instead of slates, and majority instead of plurality decisions. The boards compensation committee should be required to approve the compensation of all top-tier executives. The boards audit committee should obtain control over the internal audit function as well as over the outside auditors, including the power to terminate personnel and to approve compensation. Tying ethics to finance isn’t that hard. Ethics is the moral correctness of specified conduct, the study and practice of appropriate behavior, regardless of the behaviors legality. Certain industries have professional organizations setting and promoting certain ethical standards. When we look at the banking industry for an example, we are putting our money into in a company, who is supposed to protect it, give us interest on it and possibly advise on making investing decisions. With investing, ethics helps inform the investment decisions of some individuals and companies. But recently large banking has failed. The U. S. Financial system was rather free and didn’t have many regulations to control greed and fraud. Wrong and risky moves were made and in turn it affected the customer. There are more fees, less interest and failing banks. There are many ethical violations that affect finance but there are ways to improve financial ethics. Improving standards, such as creating a plan. The first step, as should be the case with any initiative, is to create a clear plan that focuses on addressing particular situational needs of the organization. Each plan should be unique to fit the business, typical activities would include items such as improving the hiring process, clear communication of the ethics policy and codes of conduct, establish a systems of checks and controls to ensure wrong doing is discouraged and discovered in a timely manner, and finally a clear policy and procedure for investigating and handling breeches in ethics appropriate to its level and severity. Finding weak links in the business and once it has been identified; implement steps to improve the ethical environment. Hold the training classes, circulate the code of conduct annually with each employee signing a statement that they have read it and will comply. Follow the plan for hiring even if it is inconvenient to check references and background. identified by the plan, develop clear policies and procedures for key processes, and then conduct training to ensure all relevant employees understand the expectations of how processes should be carried out. Clear policies and procedures communicated and followed by organizational members is a critical piece of an internal control. Ethics is a part of the organizational culture, besides developing and executing a plan, the most important way for a business to improve ethics is for the organizational leaders to display the highest degree of ethical behavior in how they conduct business on a day to day basis. In conclusion, ethics in finance and corporate governance go hand in hand. The importance of honesty and integrity plays a critical part in any organization. In my professional career, I have witness both sides of the correct way of conducting business and the incorrect.

31 Beautiful Quotes to Say, I Love You

31 Beautiful Quotes to Say, I Love You The three simple words, I love you, might not seem like enough to really express how you feel. After all, how can a measly 10 characters (including spaces) adequately plumb the depths of your soul? Tell that special someone whats in your heart with some eloquence and grace after getting some ideas from some famous romances- and romantics- through the ages. Hearing thoughtful words never gets old, even if your sweetie already knows your love is true. George Moore George Moore was a 19th-century Irish poet. It is said that he was in love with Lady Cunard  and had a secret relationship with her. Although Moore was keen to dedicate a novel for his lover, Lady Cunard did not want to publicize their relationship. Eventually, Moore convinced Lady Cunard to let him write a dedication to her in his novel  Heloise and Abelard. However, Lady Cunard made sure that Moore only mentioned her as Madame X and did not use her real name. This quote is from a collection of his letters that were published as Letters to Lady Cunard published in 1957: The hours I spend with you I look upon as sort of a perfumed garden, a dim twilight, and a fountain singing to it. You and you alone make me feel that I am alive. Other men, it is said to have seen angels, but I have seen thee and thou art enough. Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning Elizabeth Barrett was a well-known poet even before she met her future husband,  Robert Browning. An invalid and a recluse, Elizabeth had found her true love. The 573 letters they wrote to each other started in 1845 with Robert writing to say how much he enjoyed her work. The couple fell deeply in love, but their relationship was frowned upon by Elizabeths strict and dominating father. On September 12, 1846, they eloped. After the wedding, Elizabeth returned home  but kept her marriage a secret. Eventually, she fled with Robert to Italy and never returned to her fathers home. This quote reflects her deep love for her husband: I love you not only for what you are but for what I am when I am with you. Robert didnt hide his feelings either: So, fall asleep love, loved by me...for I know love, I am loved by thee.   King Henry VIII King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn were an unlikely match. Their desire to marry was the root cause of the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, which would not grant him a release from his first marriage. King Henry VIII was so besotted by Anne Boleyn that he chased her until she agreed to marry him. He wrote Anne in a love letter in 1528: I beseech you now with all my heart definitely to let me know your whole mind as to the love between us... More Famous Words  of Love Love letters of most people remain private, unless, of course, you become famous. From Johnny Cash to June Carter Cash You’ve got a way with words and a way with me as well. The...ring of fire still burns around you and I, keeping our love hotter than a pepper sprout.   We get old and get used to each other. We think alike. We read each others minds. We know what the other wants without asking. Sometimes we irritate each other a little bit. Maybe sometimes take each other for granted. But once in a while, like today, I meditate on it and realize how lucky I am to share my life with the greatest woman I ever met. You still fascinate and inspire me. You influence me for the better. Youre the object of my desire, the #1 Earthly reason for my existence. Herman Hesse If I know what love is, it is because of you. Charlie Parker to Chan Woods   Beautiful is the world, slow is one to take advantage. Wind up the world the other way. And at the start of the turning of the earth, lie my feelings for thou. Herbert Trench Come, let us make love deathless. Woodrow Wilson, to future wife, Edith You have the greatest soul, the noblest nature, the sweetest, most loving heart I have ever known, and my love, my reverence, my admiration for you, you have increased in one evening as I should have thought only a lifetime of intimate, loving association could have increased them. Rockwell Kent to wife, Frances And as I love you utterly, so have you now become the whole world of my spirit. It is beside and beyond anything that you can ever do for me; it lies in what you are, dear love- to me so infinitely lovely that to be near you, to see you, hear you, is now the only happiness, the only life, I know.   Cassandra Clare, City of Glass I love you, and I will love you until I die, and if theres a life after that, Ill love you then. Prince Albert to Queen Victoria Even in my dreams I never imagined that I should find so much love on earth.  How that moment shines for me still when I was close to you, with your hand in mine. Pearl S. Buck I love people. I love my family, my children†¦but inside myself is a place where I live all alone and thats where you renew your springs that never dry up. Jessie B. Rittenhouse My debt to you, Beloved, Is one I cannot pay In any coin of any realm On any reckoning day. John Keats   My dear Girl I love you ever and ever and without reserve. The more I have known you the more have I lov’d....Can I help it? You are always new. The last of your kisses was ever the sweetest; the last smile the brightest; the last movement the gracefullest. When you pass’d my window home yesterday, I was fill’d with as much admiration as if I had then seen you for the first time...No ill prospect has been able to turn your thoughts a moment from me. This perhaps should be as much a subject of sorrow as joy- but I will not talk of that. Even if you did not love me I could not help an entire devotion to you: how much more deeply then must I feel for you knowing you love me. My Mind has been the most discontented and restless one that ever was put into a body too small for it. I never felt my Mind repose upon anything with complete and undistracted enjoyment- upon no person but you. When you are in the room my thoughts never fly out of window: you always concentrate my whole senses.   Cole Porter Birds do it, bees do it, even educated fleas do it; let’s do it, let’s fall in love. Mark Twain to Olivia Langdon Out of the depths of my happy heart wells a great tide of love and prayer for this priceless treasure that is confined to my life-long keeping. You cannot see its intangible waves as they flow towards you, darling, but in these lines you will hear, as it were, the distant beating of the surf. Ralph Waldo Emerson Thou art to me a delicious torment. Ronald Reagan to Nancy Reagan When you arent there Im no place, just lost in time and space. I more than love you, Im not whole without you. You are life itself to me.  When you are gone Im waiting for you to return so I can start living again. Stephen King The most important things are the hardest to say, because words diminish them. Frida Kahlo to Diego Rivera I’d like to paint you, but there are no colors, because there are so many, in my confusion, the tangible form of my great love. Anonymous So many times I thought I would never find someone to love me the way I needed to be loved. Then you came into my life and showed me what true love really is! Beth Revis, Across the Universe And in her smile I see something more beautiful than the stars. Ernest Hemingway to Marlene Dietrich I cant say how every time I ever put my arms around you I felt that I was home. Napoleon Bonaparte to Josà ©phine de Beauharnais The charms of the incomparable Josephine kindle continually a burning and a glowing flame in my heart†¦I thought that I loved you months ago, but since my separation from you I feel that I love you a thousand fold more. Each day since I knew you, have I adored you more and more. Victoria Michaels, Trust in Advertising I won’t lie to you. We aren’t going to ride off into the sunset together and have everything fixed overnight. I know that, and I think you do too. But I’m willing to work at it, if you are. I do love you. I mean that with every cell in my body, every breath that I take. I think you’re worth it. I think we’re worth it. I think you could be the great love of my life, Vincent Drake. Richard Burton to Elizabeth Taylor My blind eyes are desperately waiting for the sight of you. Ludwig von Beethoven to Immortal Beloved Even in bed my ideas yearn towards you, my Immortal Beloved, here and there joyfully, then again sadly, awaiting from Fate, whether it will listen to us. I can only live, either altogether with you or not at all.   What longing in tears for you- You- my Life- my All- farewell. Oh, go on loving me- never doubt the faithfullest heart Of your beloved L Ever thine. Ever mine. Ever ours.​

i am daivd essays

i am daivd essays I Am David is written by Anne Holm and is about a boy called David. David is a twelve year old boy who has spent his life in a concentration camp. One day a man from the camp helps him to escape. He is told that he must go north until he comes to Denmark. He doesn't know what life is like outside the camp and is constantly scared in case he gets caught. The only way to get food is by finding it or earnng money to buy it. He sneaks aboard a ship thats sailing for Italy but is caught by a sailor. The sailor takes pity on him and allows him to go the rest of the way. When he is travelling in Italy he sees a girl trapped in a burning hut and saves her life. The girls parents allow David to stay in there house as a thank you. David doesn't tell them where he came from so the parents become suspicious and David has to run away again. This is a very good book and is one of the best I read all year. ...

Health Program Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Program Evaluation - Essay Example As the officials in charge of social programs happen to be humans and thus fallible, either deliberately or inadvertently, a strong requirement for accountability keeps them alert and keeps such programs, efficient and productive. As the state run health and social programs happen to be complex and intricate, so far as their scope, implementation, assessment and budgeting is concerned, an accurate and scientific system for the evaluation of such programs enables the state and the citizens in determining and enforcing accountability on the officials and professionals managing such vital programs, that are often so crucial, so far as the stability and progress in a welfare state is concerned. "Program evaluations are systematic studies using scientific research methods to assess how well a program is working (Shipman, 2008, p.1). In the contemporary era of constrained budgets, when health has become a major political and public issue, it is imperative that the agencies managing the health and social programs are able to authenticate the expenses incurred by them in the light of the pragmatic and desirable outcome achieved by them. In that sense, evaluation facilitates the people and the state agencies with the much desired tool, which can be used to gauge as to what extent these programs contribute to the envisaged goals and helps them cross check and improve the performance of such programs on a regular basis. Establishing accountability, so far as health and social programs are concerned becomes a mere exercise in words, unless it is backed by authentic and verifiable data. Accountability can be enforced only if it is supported by concrete evidence that brings it within the framework of legal and statutory remedies. Herein lies the relevance of evaluation. Many experts like to put forward the argument that government agencies have miserably failed, so far as the management of health programs is concerned and the privatization of these services is the only possible panacea. Such individuals fail to see that entrusting such crucial programs in private hands can possibly further augment the scope for inefficiency, as the private firms work purely for profit motives and lack any welfare oriented guidelines. Infact, it simply does not matter who stands at the helm of affairs, whether it is some state official or a private firm. The point that deserves the tax payer's immediate attention is th at what kind and quality of evaluation programs are being employed to analyze such programs It is pivotal that the evaluation programs being used to assess the health or social programs should be accurate enough to solicit a wide range

Recruitment, selection, and retention challenges Essay

Recruitment, selection, and retention challenges - Essay Example f mismatch between job description and job requirement, the organization might be forced to cancel the recruitment results and conduct fresh recruitment. The organization might also decide to train the employee to make sure he/she can carry out the duties associated with that job requirement. Most organization use job interviews and resumes to get information about job applicants. Technology may be used to conduct job interviews via live video conferencing (Billsberry, 2007). It is important to ensure that the organization selects a job applicant who will feel comfortable and will be successful. This can be achieved if you assess your organizations culture, define the candidate you are looking for and taking time to learn about the applicants working style and personality. Managers need to select candidates based on occupational qualifications. The selected applicant should possess the necessary skills required to be successful when carrying out the requirements of the job. The law prohibits any form of discrimination during the recruitment process. It is illegal to discriminate against sex, age, marital status, ethnicity or religious affiliation (Billsberry,

Using nanotechnology for new drug discovery Article

Using nanotechnology for new drug discovery - Article Example Drug discovery is a growing paradigm that is increasingly in need of better technologies to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and cost effectiveness of the various processes involved in the drug discovery processes. For example, it is currently estimated that the full process of new drug discovery typically takes a period of not less than 10years and costs approximately $800 million. Many researchers however agree that a number of nanotechnology applications have a potential to address some of the challenges commonly met during the drug development process. One of the potential uses of nanotechnology in new drug discovery is the analysis of signaling pathways using various nanobiotechnology techniques such as proteomics which enable researchers to gain new insights regarding the disease processes. In this regard, nanotechnologies not only help drug scientists to identify more efficient biomarkers, but such techniques can also enhance their understanding of the drug action mechanisms during their drug discovery processes. Refining the application of proteomics using nanotechnologies is particularly play a critical role in the identification of drug targets as well validation phases during the drug discovery process. For instance, nanodevices such as nanotube electronic biosensors are increasingly being used in proteomics to enhance the investigation of protein –protein and surface protein binding as well as in the development of highly accurate electronic biomolecule detectors (Lynn, 128). Consequently such devices provide effective alternatives of detecting important biomolecules such as antibodies during the drug discovery process. Another important use of nanotechnology for new drug discovery involves the application of nanoparticles such as quantum dots (QDs) in tracking single drug molecules. Although the tracking of single drug molecules has been previously been done using the old

Marriage proposals in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Marriage proposals in Pride and Prejudice Essay The three proposals in Pride and Prejudice to Elizabeth Bennet, or Lizzy, vary greatly in their motivation. They are all involving the upper middle class of the 19th century that Jane Austen had knowledge of. Jane Austen never married, and you can see the kind of person she would have liked to be in Elizabeth. Jane Austen read such books as Mary Wolstencrafts The Rights of Women, and although she does not go as far to criticise womens status, most of her books are about their place in society; this novel being no exception. Pride and Prejudice is about marriage and manners in country society, that women wanted to marry into good fortune, and rich men wanted to marry pretty women. The first sentence in the book sums up the attitude expressed in this book well: It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. Marriages in the period in time this book is based, between the upper middle classes, were often practical. The women needed security for future life, the men wanted children to continue there family and this was the kind of marriage that Mr Collins proposes. He is not proposing out of love, but that he feels he should, and he is sure of Lizzys acceptance. He does however manage to convince himself he does in fact like her: before I am run away with my feelings is one of his first lines during the proposal. The proposal itself is stated in a very long-winded way, however, as soon as Mr Collins has asked for time alone with Lizzy, she knows what it is for; she thinks, it would be wisest to get it over with as soon and as quietly as possible. This is reflected in how she reacts to Mr Collins repeated pleas. All through it he is still convincing himself and trying to convince Lizzy that he is in love, or making any other excuses he can for marrying her. We know he does not love her, as, however, earlier in the book it is said Mr Collins had only to change from Jane to Elizabeth and it was soon done. The proposal was very formal and long; Mr Collins often seems to be speaking a monologue, emphasized by Elizabeth trying to stop him and the complete use of direct speech. These are all similar to the first proposal by Mr Darcy, even if the motivation behind it was very different. They are both certain they will be accepted because of an advantage to Lizzy. It is clear that Mr Collins and Mr Darcy do not know Elizabeth well enough when they propose, as neither chose to ask her a way that she is likely to accept. The second proposal is different in motive from the first, but its manner is similar in many ways. After his early expression of love, which is surprising and awkward: You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you. Darcy regains his confidence and begins a long explanation of why he loves her. However, what he says is misunderstood by Lizzy as she says with so evident a design of offending and insulting me. Mr Darcy is in fact attempting to explain that he loves her despite her position and connections. Lizzy may have accepted, or been more likely to accept if his timing had been better however, he asks her at a time where she has just recently found out that Darcy was to blame for her sisters troubles, and is very angry with him: Mr Darcys shameful boast about what misery he had been able to inflict. It is not only the timing, if he had known Lizzy well enough he could have guessed the reception she would give to the method of his proposal. This is a similarity to the first proposal, from Mr Collins, but very different to the last. It is only after Mr Darcy has left that Elizabeth realises how much she has overreacted to what he has said to her, and also how ready she had been to believe what anyone had said about him. These feeling are then reinforced after she receives his letter explaining how mistaken she has been about many of his accusations. After thinking over and re-reading the letter several time, she starts to realise she does in fact not hate Darcy as much as she first thought, and even starts to have feelings for him, in spite of what he has done to her sister. This is further exaggerated as Elizabeth discovers he has provided for her sister to get married after she ran away with Mr Wickham. His intentions behind this are clear: if he had not, he would not have been able to marry her, as she would be disgraced. Darcy realises that she may have feelings for him still, after Lizzy refuses to tell Lady Catherine de Bough that she will never marry Mr Darcy and decides to return to Netherfield with Mr B ingley, who he has recently convinced to love Lizzys sister, Jane again. Elizabeth was hoping he would come, but was almost scared too and was expecting that he would stay away and send a letter of excuse. The third and final proposal in the book has little in common with either of the others. It is quick, instead of long winded and this is even more emphasized by the use of reported speech instead of direct. It is however the same in motive to the first proposal by Mr Darcy love. The difference being that this time it is felt in both directions. It is also quite unexpected, though hoped for by them both. Darcy is unsure of how to ask Elizabeth, so she encourages him by taking him for his help with her sisters marriage. This probably caused him to finally believe he may stand a real chance with her and so then proposes. He does so in a way which shows how much better he knows her because it is an equal conversation instead of one or the other thinking themselves superior. It is also far more informal and shows us ways in which they both have changed. Lizzy is less confident, and for once not sure of herself whereas Mr Darcy has realised that to be liked he should not act superior and stubborn. The three proposals received by Lizzy in Pride and Prejudice are contrasting in some ways and are similar in others however, there is nothing or very little in common between all three. The progression in the book is from what Jane Austen believed was the worst kind of marriage, of the kind Mr Collins proposes, to what she believed was best and hoped for herself a fair and equal meeting.

Event Management on Dance Shows

Event Management of Dance Shows Events Occurrence happening at a determinable time and place, with or without the  participation  of human  agents. It may be a part of a  chain  of  occurrences  as an effect of a preceding occurrence and as the cause of a succeeding occurrence. Arrival of a  significant  point in time. In  project management, an event  marks  the point in time when a  task is  completed. Events are usually classified either as corporate or private. A professional event manager can ensure that any special event (corporate or private) proceeds flawlessly, is well attended and memorable.This page enlists different types of events, descriptions of their purposes and characteristics, as well as online tutorials that explain how to plan those. 1. Corporate Events: Corporate events can vary greatly and can have a great impact on company image. Planning a corporate event, whether it is a national trade show or a local company picnic recognizing em ployee achievements can be stressful at the least and disastrous if not managed properly. Whether you are launching a new product or trying to retain your loyal customers’ one thing is certain, you need to leave a lasting, positive impression on your audience.A successful event will leave the audience impressed, inspired and motivated to use your company. A poorly planned event can leave employees unmotivated or alienate your target audience. 2. Private Events: Private events are primarily celebrations such as weddings, birthdays, anniversaries and reunions. At these events the host is usually trying to create memories to last a lifetime. Unfortunately, planning such an event can be time consuming and often the only memory the host has is how much work it was to plan the party. Types of EventsThere are almost countless types of events, some are demanded frequently by customers, others seldom find in-depth information about the most important types of events. Corporate Events Conferences are popular and important business events. Everything about the event management of academic, medical and business conferences Seminars educational events for the training of managers and employees. Most seminars are not comparable with boring lectures. Interactivity is core! Meetings are common business events in large companies, perfect to discuss operational and financial strategiesTeam Building Events key to develop and motivate teams in companies and divisions. Everything about the planning of professional team building events Trade shows exhibitions where companies can present and demonstrate their latest products. A professional presentation is crucial Business Dinners a long-standing corporate tradition to conclude fiscal years, celebrate new milestones or to get in contact with key customers Golf Events golf tournaments or retreats. Those events aim to acquire new customers, to increase customer loyalty or to motivate employees.Press Conferences perfect business events to promote new products, launch marketing campains or to inform the shareholders and public about financial issues Networking Events are personal marketing galas. Such events are great opportunities for contact establishment and personal marketing Incentive Travel are perfect to reward and to motivate employees or to increase customer loyalty and retention. Everything about incentive travel Opening Ceremonies are held to start conventions, annual meetings and other events that last for two or more days.Find everything about opening events Product Launches are critical for the successful market introduction of some products. A perfect product presentation might also increase the media coverage Theme Parties events that devote to a special topic. Popular events are casino nights or Halloween parties. Ideas and planning tips VIP Events are used to increase customer loyalty. Professional planners organizing VIP events that ultimately increase your revenues. Trade Fairs are a gre at opportunity to present your latest products to customers and business partners.Shareholder Meetings are yearly and obligatory events to inform a corporation's shareholders about company issues and to elect the Board of Directors. Award Ceremonies are great events to honour and motivate key staff or to acquire and retain customers. Event planners are able to organize events to remember. Board Meetings focus on strategic goals and visions. The event venue and the planning process should reflect the prestigious nature of these meetings. Executive Retreats escapes from stressful work schedules and the day-to-day business.Learn how they should stimulate free thinking and creativity. Private Events Weddings should be the most important days in the life of brides, grooms and their families. Professional event managers help to plan the events. Birthdays require seldom a professional event manager, but there are exceptions. Find out how event managers can help you to make your party a suc cess. Wedding Anniversaries celebrate milestones in a couple's life together. Ideas and hints that help you to plan those events or find professional even managers.Family Events are great opportunities to assemble whole families. We offer hints and ideas to plan perfect family events like birthdays, weddings, etc. Categories of Events Events can be classified into four broad categories based on their purpose and objective: 1. Leisure events e. g. leisure sport, music, recreation. 2. Cultural events e. g. ceremonial, religious, art, heritage, and folklore. 3. Personal events e. g. weddings, birthdays, anniversaries. 4. Organizational events e. g. commercial, political, charitable, sales etc. Event ManagementEvent management is the application of the management practice of project management to the creation and development of festivals and events. Event management is an exciting and growing industry, as well as a unique career opportunity for everyone with a passion for the planning a nd organizing of events. Many companies and individuals realize they do not have the expertise or time to devote to the task of planning such special events and turn to professionals specializing in event planning. Event management companies can ensure that any event, corporate or private, large or small, goes smoothly.Event management services can be tailored to the client’s needs and budget. Event planning services can include: * Creating a theme to be carried throughout invitations, decorations and promotional items * Securing a location or venue * Choosing entertainment * Planning the menu and securing catering services * Providing an event website with online registration or responses * Marketing and promotions Regardless of the type of event you are planning, an event manager can help you reach the goal of a flawless, memorable event with much less stress.Event Management Companies Event management companies with experienced event planners can mean the difference betwee n a forgettable event and the night of your life. Event management companies come in many different forms, providing varied degrees of service, and can manage the infinite details associated with planning an event from a wedding to launching a new company. Professional planners offer experience that can not only ensure that important decisions will not get overlooked but also that you won’t get bogged down choosing decorations or researching caterers. )  Percept D Mark Founded in 1984, Percept Limited, an entertainment, media and communications company, is at an enviable leadership position today, with a team of over 1,000 people and 62 offices in India and the Middle East and a capitalized billings of about INR 26 billion (FY’11). Percept companies deliver marketing solutions that reach consumers at every moment of their lives. From integrated advertising campaigns, to embedded content, to innovative media solutions; Percept companies construct tailor-made solutions that deliver in both local and global markets.Percept services hundreds of customers in India and West Asia catering to national and multinational clients. Percept operates in 3 verticals: * Percept Entertainment Group  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this encompasses Television and Movie Content Production, Aggregation, Distribution & Marketing, Ad Films, Celebrity Endorsements and Talent Management, Experiential and Entertainment Marketing, Sports Management and Marketing, Wedding Management, Event Management and Marketing, Entertainment Branding and Marketing, Branded Entertainment, Merchandising, Brand Activations and Promotions, and Entertainment Intellectual Properties. Percept Media Group  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this comprises of Media Planning, Buying and Representation, Outdoor Media, Retail Media, Rural Media, Digital Media and Digital IPs. * Percept Communications Group  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this includes Advertising, Brand Communication, Strategy, Creative, Public & Media Relations and Integrated Marketing Commu nication Consultancy services. 2)  Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt Ltd The origin of what today is the leading name in brand activation and entertainment management was simple.The name sprang from an amalgamation of what the progenitors envisioned; what they wanted the company to stand for; how the company would go about its business. WIZARD/WIZARDRY: exceptional skill or accomplishment in a particular field, a person who is outstandingly gifted. We define it as â€Å"expertise with a touch of magic†. CRAFT: to create with care and eye for detail, a special talent that is honed and polished. Put together the word is a creative redefinition of that certain magic that turns effective communication into inspiring communication.The arc of stars in the logo, disappearing into infinity, are a graphic representation of a memorable trail left behind, after a wand has been skilfully wielded. Every member of the Wizcraft Team is also privileged to suffix their name with â₠¬ËœWiz’ a title that invests them with to having special talent. 3)  Cineyug Entertainment 4)  Cox and King (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions) 5)  Sita Conferences (International Conferences and Exhibitions) 6)  E-Factor (weddings, concerts, International Conferences, Seminars, Television Based Events, Exhibitions, special occasions, corporate events, Road Shows) )  Sercon (Exhibitions, Conventions, Conferences, seminars, Golf Events, Hospitality Events, Road Shows, Brand Promotion, Product launches, Incentives. Special Event: Swarn Sambandh) 8)  Tafcon Group (Trade fair and conference organizers. Development of publicity & promotional activities. Marketing Trade Fairs organized by other Agencies. ) 9)  TCI Consultancy Services and ‘e' Events (conferences, Exhibitions, Seminars, Workshops, Incentives, charters, Delegations, Indian Tours. ) 10)  Fountainhead DanceDance  is an  art form  that generally refers to  movement  of the body, usually rhythmic and to music,  used as a form of  expression,  social  interaction  or presented in a  spiritual  or  performance  setting. Dance may also be regarded as a form of  nonverbal communication  between humans, and is also performed by other  animals  (bee dance,  patterns of behaviour  such as a mating dance). Gymnastics,  figure skating  and  synchronized swimming  are  sports  that incorporate dance, while  martial arts  kata  are often compared to dances. Motion  in ordinarily inanimate objects may also be described as dances (the  leaves  danced in the  wind).Types of dance Dance seems to be a lot like ice cream flavours†¦ it's so hard to choose just one. If you are thinking of trying out a new dance style, there may be a few you haven't even considered. 1. Ballet: Ballet serves as a backbone for many other styles of dance, as many other dance genres are based on ballet. Ballet is based on technique s that have been developed over centuries. Ballet uses music and dance to tell stories. Ballet dancers have the ability to transport an audience to another world. 2. Jazz Jazz is a fun dance style that relies heavily on originality and improvisation.Many jazz dancers mix different styles into their dancing, incorporating their own expression. Jazz dancing often uses bold, dramatic body movements, including body isolations and contractions. 3. Tap Tap dancing is an exciting form of dance in which dancers wear special shoes equipped with metal taps. Tap dancers use their feet like drums to create rhythmic patterns and timely beats. 4. Hip-Hop Hip-hop is a dance style, usually danced to hip-hop music that evolved from the hip-hop culture. Hip-hop includes various moves such as breaking, popping, locking and crumpling, and even house dance.Improvisation and personal interpretation are essential to hip-hop dancing. 5. Modern Modern dance is a dance style that rejects many of the strict r ules of classical ballet, focusing instead on the expression of inner feelings. Modern dance was created as a rebellion against classical ballet, emphasizing creativity in choreography and performance. 6. Swing Swing dance is a lively dance style in which couples swing, spin and jump together. Swing dancing is a general term that means dancing to swing music or music that â€Å"swings. † How can you tell if a song swings? Swing ancers know when a song swings because when they hear it, they can't stand still. 7. Contra Dance Contra dance is a form of American folk dance in which the dancers form two parallel lines and perform a sequence of dance movements with different partners down the length of the line. Contra dances are relaxed with family-like atmospheres. The dancing is excellent exercise, and dancers can set their own pace. Contra dancers are usually friendly, active people with a love of dance. 8. Country and Western Country and western dance includes several dance fo rms, usually danced to country-western music.If you've ever been to a country and western club or tavern, you've probably seen a few cowboy boot-wearing dancers twirling around the dance floor with big smiles on their faces. 9. Belly Dance Belly dance is a unique form of dance characterized by sharp, rolling movements of the hips and abdomen. The true origins of belly dancing are debated among enthusiasts. 10. Flamenco Flamenco dance is an expressive dance form that mixes percussive footwork with intricate hand, arm and body movements. Flamenco is a Spanish art consisting of three forms: Cante, the song, Baile, the dance, and Guitarra, guitar playing. 1. Latin Dance Latin dance is a fast-paced, often sensual, partner dance characterized by sexy hip movements. However, hip movements are not intentional in any of the Latin dances. The hip motion is a natural consequence of changing weight from one foot to the other. 12. Folk Dance Folk dance refers to a variety of dances developed by groups or communities, as opposed to being made up by a choreographer. There are several types of folk dance including clogging, English country dance, international folk dance, Irish dance, Maypole dance, Morris dance, Nordic polkas dance, square dance, and many more.Folk dances are often performed at social events. Popular Dance Shows in India 1. Dance India Dance Zee TV brings to you a unique dance reality show – Lux Dance India Dance – ‘Sabse bade dancing star ki khoj', a show about the common man and great dancing. Lux Dance India Dance endeavour to bring the best dancing flair in front of the viewers. The undisputed disco king Mithun Chakraborty himself is the grand master for the show. The show will be judged by three masters made famous purely by their great work in bollywood – Geeta Kapur, Remo D'souza and Terrence Lewis.The Gujarati ‘chokro' with the chocolate boy looks, Jay Bhanushali, and the popular Soumya Tandon, are the hosts. Lux Danc e India Dance is a dance reality show that extends beyond just the individual participants. It is a contest between 18 participants who have been divided into three groups of 6 participants each named after the masters. The units are called Geeta ki Gang, Terence ki Toli and Remo ke Rangeele! The masters have entered the battlefield armed with their respective teams in the quest to find the deserving winners. 2. Just DanceHrithik Roshan one of the famous actor who is famous for his dance , acting and look now comes first time on Star Plus TV show Just Dance. There are other two hosts who also seat at the hot seat of the Just dance and those are Farah Khan & Vaibhavi Merchant. This show is really make all Indian public crazy because most of the Indian people are say â€Å"Deewane† of Hrithik’s dance and acting. In this Star Plus TV show Hrithik not only guide to the participate but also show his dance on the stage. 3. Nach Baliye Nach Baliye  is a  dance,  reality -television  series  on the  Indian  STARPlus  channel. The contestants are couples who are television stars. The first and second season aired on  Star One  and then shifted to Star Plus. Its name in  Punjabi  is inspired by a song from the  Bollywood  film  Bunty Aur Babli  (2005). 4. Jhalak Dikhla Jaa Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa  is a television reality show and the  Indian  version of BBC's  Strictly Come Dancing  and ABC's  Dancing with the Stars. Sony Entertainment Television  brings  Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa  with new celebrities and well-known faces to perform with professional dance partners on a highly competitive stage.The show is produced by  BBC Worldwide  Productions in India. 5. Boogie Woogie Boogie Woogie  is an Indian Television dance show that airs on  Sony Entertainment Television. In 2008, the series was named with the â€Å"Videocon† because it was sponsored by Videocon. Debuting in 1995, the show is hosted by popularà ‚  Indian  film and television personalities, Naved Jaffrey and Ravi Behl, who also co-created the show with  Javed Jaffrey, who appears as the permanent celebrity judge. The show was relaunched by Sony Entertainment Television in 2003.It has become the longest lasting dance show in  India, going for its 15th year on air this year. The dance show has become so popular on Indian television that they have been afforded the opportunity to produce special championship shows, such as kids' championships, teen championships and celebrity championships, in which various Indian celebrities, such as  Juhi Chawla,  Esha Deol,  Dia Mirza,  Govinda,  Vivek Oberoi  and  Ritesh Deshmukh  have participated. According to the Sony Entertainment Television Asia website, â€Å"there are no prizes for winning†¦ oads of accolades, applause and appreciation†. 6. Zara Nachke Dikha Zara Nachke Dikha  (English: Show Me Your Dance)  is a dance reality show originally air ed on  STAR One  but now airs on  STAR Plus. The series aired July 14, 2008 and was hosted by  Karan Singh Grover  and  Shweta Gulati. All the contestants have a film or television background 7. Chak Dhoom Dhoom Chak Dhoom Dhoom, a dance reality show that showcases little dancers who will compete for the coveted title of the Best Junior Dancing Star. Chak Dhoom Dhoom will see children in the age group of 5 to 14 dances their way into your hearts.After sitting through innumerable auditions and intense initial screening the esteemed jury members Saroj Khan, Ahmed Khan and Vindu Dara Singh handpicked 40 deserving contestants who will face some more music, and dance, at the gala round in Mumbai. While the children gear up for the national level challenge, the Dance Gurus Bosco-Ceaser will be working extremely hard to prepare their tiny wonders. Questionnaire: †¢ What are the objectives (both primary and secondary) of the event? †¢ What is the benefit to the organiz ation? †¢ Are there achievable budgets and results? †¢ Does the concept have the support of your Board or Head Office? Do you need to test by running a pilot event? †¢ What is the division of roles and responsibilities? †¢ How can the event be monitored? †¢ How will the evaluation be carried out? Four principal elements of Events: †¢ Your organization †¢ Publicity †¢ Performers †¢ Sponsors. These four elements are interdependent; if you change one, it affects all of the others. Each of these elements has something to give and something to gain. If you can get all four working in harmony then you will have a successful event. Publicity: The media are in the business of covering news and reporting on local and current events.They may have an interest in covering your event. The amount of press, TV and radio exposure you receive will depend on how genuinely newsworthy the event is and how creative you are in generating media interest. If you cannot secure sufficient â€Å"free† media coverage then you will have to pay for publicity, usually in the form of press and poster advertising. To ensure an audience or participants, you may have to invest in at least some paid advertising. Clearly the performers and sponsors will have their own reasons to wish to see good media exposure before, during and after the event. Performers:The performers are those people upon whose skills and appeal the event is centred: the band that is booked for the rock concert; the auctioneer and auction house undertaking the sale; the teams who will play in the charity sports event, etc. They have much to gain by participating in your event – it may be a professional fee, media coverage, goodwill, enjoyment and team-building opportunities. Sponsors Corporate sponsors may be willing to support your event, especially if they believe that they can get good publicity, generate goodwill, associate with your worthy cause, access VIPs and royalty, and be seen to back a winning event.Sponsors can be asked to underwrite part or all of the costs of running the event. The nature of the event will also have an effect on the decision of the sponsor. Marketing Mix – the 5 Ps When planning an event you must think of the: †¢ People audience/participants/entertainment. †¢ Product type of event. †¢ Price tickets/entry/sponsor. †¢ Place. †¢ Period date. Steps of organizing Dance Events 1. Type of Dance Event: Decide what the type of dance event is going to be, having done your research into your competitors and what will make the organization money.Decide who will organize the event and be responsible for its successful outcome. Type of dance events like organising Dance competition, Annual functions, dance shows etc. 2. Venue: Decide on the best venue. How much will it cost or will it be free? The location is vital: is it easy to reach, does it have sufficient car parking, is it easy to access by public transport, does it have toilets? Is the venue prestigious and attractive to celebrities, e. g. the President’s official residence? If it is an open-air event: is the surface suitable; will there be a need for marshals, what are the safety issues to consider? . Day/date/time: Picking the date and time of an event can make or break it. When will most people be able to attend? Are weekends best or is morning/afternoon/evening the most suitable? What other events are scheduled around the date that you are thinking about? Is there a weather factor to take into account? 4. Permission and assistance: Do you need permission to use the venue from the owner, landowner, and local authority? Or governing? Do you need permission from the police or their assistance with street parades? 5. Budgets: Budgets should cover everything, all income and expenditure.Income includes: †¢ Entry fees †¢ Donations †¢ Company sponsorship †¢ Participants’ sponsorship â₠¬ ¢ Sales of T-shirts †¢ Food, drink, programme sales †¢ Adverts †¢ Raffle †¢ Lottery Expenditure includes: †¢ Venue hire †¢ Posters †¢ Entry forms †¢ printing †¢ Prizes and trophies †¢ cost of T-shirts †¢ Incentives for fundraising †¢ Advertising †¢ Staff costs †¢ Helpers’ costs (travel, food) †¢ hire of facilities e. g. toilet tents †¢ Public liability insurance. 6. Design and printing: Careful thought needs to go into the design and materials for the event. There will be a special logo or design that will be on all the materials.Materials likely to be used are: †¢ Posters †¢ Entry forms †¢ sponsor forms †¢ Programmes – think about the numbers required. †¢ Certificates for participants. Posters should be simple – what, where, when, how to get more information. Entry forms must have: name, address, age and sex. Put names of sponsors on appropriate materials. 7. Publicity: Without good publicity an event will fail. Use all available means of publicizing the event: †¢ Newspapers †¢ Radio †¢ Television †¢ Posters in shops/clubs/companies etc. Hand out or post entry forms and posters to: †¢ People at events †¢ Supporters of organization Schools †¢ Colleges †¢ Universities †¢ Hospitals †¢ Health centres. 8. Prizes/awards/incentives: What type of prize should be given to the winners? Different prizes for the winners who are the runner up. One has to decide about the prizes to be given while organising an event. Get prizes and incentives sponsored by local companies. Put the companies’ names on publicity materials. Prizes can be in the form of money or the trophies. 9. Helpers: Draw up a plan of the dance event. List all the jobs that need to be done and who will do them. Recruit helpers for the event by approaching: †¢ Youth groups Schools †¢ Universities †¢ Supporters à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Friends and family †¢ Parents or families of participants †¢ Local sports clubs. 10. Administration: Administration falls into three categories; before the event, on the day and after the event. Before the event: be clear and list who is responsible for distributing materials; allocate someone to collect entry forms; bank any money; send out information to participants. On the day decide: who will register participants; write out certificates; sign sponsor forms. After the event: work out results; send out letters of thanks; bank money; analyse the budget.Monitoring and evaluation needs to be carried out throughout the whole process. 11. Planning and ‘on the day’: Before the event make a list of all the jobs that have to be done and who are to do them and by what day/time. For the day itself a really detailed list is required and everyone must be briefed so they know exactly what their duties are. 13. After the event: Most important – send out le tters of thanks to all involved. Work out the results. Send results and details to local paper and sponsor. Bank the money. Look at the evaluation and learn from this event.

Gender: an Ambiguous Factor

Referencing the role that gender played in early twentieth century rural life made for an interesting character dynamic in this play. Susan Glaspell’s Trifles presents a murder mystery with a slightly twisted plot. The play itself, at first glance, seems simple enough. A man is murdered, his wife thought to be the murderer. An investigation is forged in their quaint farmhouse. However, the men are unable to find anything that leads to a motive. But then the twist! The women are able to solve the murder and choose not to share the findings with their husbands.What exactly hinders the investigation set forth by the men? A case can be made in gender differences. The mental approach of each sex determines everything. The dynamic between the women, their husbands, and the county attorney creates a mental divide that cannot be bridged. Inevitably, what appears to be a simple plot, seemingly filled with mere trifles, the end of the play quickly develops into something that is almost surreal. Within a casual conversation the women, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, manage to recreate Minnie Wright’s state of mind – seemingly putting themselves through her last day in the farmhouse.In an article analyzing the play, Suzy Clarkson Holstein remarks that, â€Å"the play represents a profound conflict between two models of perception and behavior† (Holstein 282). On the whole, the men and women involved observed the identical information – with the exception of the canary. However, minus the canary, the women were already reconstructing Minnie’s life with John Wright. In their reconstruction they are able to uncover and comprehend evidence that would seem like useless information to the formal investigation the men were conducting. The county attorney searching the Wrights’ home cannot detect the significance in a loaf of bread left out of the breadbox, a kitchen table half wiped, a quilt in progress, and a missing pet canary† (Marsh 201-02). These simple details prove to be the key to ending the mystery. Holstein’s analysis goes on to mention the â€Å"ultimate moral choice† as presented to the women. Here she references, â€Å"their way of knowing leads them not simply to knowledge; it also leads to the decision about how to act on that knowledge† (Holstein 282). On the notion of morality alone, the reader must analyze several debates.What exactly is at stake here for these women? And, if they withhold information from the investigation, are they harming themselves? The men have been neglecting the observations of the women, even teasing them for their observations. Mr. Hale comments, â€Å" Well, women are used to worrying over trifles† (Glaspell 938) and later, overhearing a conversation between the women, Sheriff Peters comments, â€Å"They wonder if she was going to quilt it or just knot it† (Glaspell 941). Immediately after his remark the stage directions state, à ¢â‚¬Å"The men laugh, the women look abashed† (Glaspell 941).There isn’t even the slightest hint of spousal respect here! The men dismiss the thoughts of the women because they are merely women. They do not believe that they could be of any aid to the investigation at hand. Have the women compromised their morality when evading the truth with their husbands? The men’s perspective is completely regimented. Their tunnel vision approach seems to be a hindrance in the investigation. They are unable to come to any conclusions about Mrs. Wright’s motive to kill her husband. In the final moments of dialogue, Mr.Henderson can be heard saying, â€Å"No, Peters, it’s all perfectly clear except a reason for doing it†¦ If there was some definite thing†¦ a thing that would connect up with this strange way of doing it – â€Å" (Glaspell 945). Holstein’s article in â€Å"The Midwest Quarterly† makes an interesting statement comparin g biological and cultural issues in regards to the way both parties observe the facts. â€Å"Certainly, during the early part of the twentieth century, the duties and structures of women’s lives would have predisposed them to approach a problem from a different angle than that of the men† (Holstein 288).This is evident in her mention of sex vs. gender and its implications. Sex, referring strictly to the biological, and gender, referring strictly to the cultural implications of gender roles in society. â€Å"The men, Mann argues†¦ strove to be first with a quick, firm answer. Women on the other hand valued cooperation and worked to interconnect, taking time to make up their minds† (qtd. in Holstein 289). The juxtaposition of these two terms most always sparks an interesting debate. Some see them as one in the same, while others see them as two completely separate entities.The debate between sex and gender comes up often in the debate on transgender issues. à ¢â‚¬Å"Just as Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters understand well the hardships of the rural lifestyle they share with the accused Mrs. Wright, so Elle finds that the accused Mrs. Windham is a ‘peer’† (Marsh 201). This statement draws parallels between Trifles and the 2001 film, Legally Blonde. In a 2005 article for â€Å"Literature Film Quarterly,† Kelly A. Marsh paired the message of sisterhood in the pages of Trifles with similar messages in a 21st century blockbuster hit.The similarities in these two works are uncanny and whether the parallels are intentional is unclear. Marsh explains, â€Å" the key evidence in both cases is precisely the evidence that the men overlook† (Marsh 201). Parallels at many levels can be drawn from Glaspell’s text. The women’s ability to uncover key points of evidence and solve this murder mystery speaks volumes to their characters, and, their husbands’ inability to see things for what they really are. â₠¬Å"The women in this play develop a highly differentiated and reflective moral schema† (Holstein 288).They make conscious decisions to hide the evidence that solves the murder from the men. In the closing stage directions, Glaspell writes, â€Å"Suddenly Mrs. Peters throws back quilt pieces and tries to put the box in the bag she is wearing. It is too big. Sound of a doorknob turning in the other room. Mrs. Hale snatches the box and puts it in the pocket of her big coat† (Glaspell 945). In this moment the women have overcome their husbands and shown that their mere trifles can indeed come in handy.

Mental Health Stigma in the Black Community Professor Ramos Blog

Mental Health Stigma in the Black Community 13.2 % of the U.S. population, that’s about 45.7 million people, identify themselves as Black or African American, according to 2014 U.S. Census Bureau numbers. Socioeconomic status is linked to mental health: People who are impoverished, homeless, incarcerated or have substance abuse problems are at higher risk for poor mental health. Despite progress made over the years, racism continues to have an impact on the mental health of African Americans. According to the US HHS Office of Minority Health [3]: African Americans are 20 percent more likely to report serious psychological distress than adult whites. African Americans living below poverty are three times more likely to report serious psychological distress than those living above poverty. African Americans are more likely to have feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness than are adult whites. African Americans are less likely than white people to die from suicide as teenagers, Black/African Americans teenager s are more likely to attempt suicide than are white teenagers (8.3 percent v. 6.2 percent). African Americans of all ages are more likely to be victims of serious violent crime than are non-Hispanic whites, making them more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. We have all of these facts yet mental health is such a stigma in the community. According to a study conducted by Ward, Wiltshire, Detry, and Brown in 2013 [5]: African Americans hold beliefs related to stigma, psychological openness, and help-seeking, which in turn affects their coping behaviors. They state that the participants in the study were not very open to acknowledging their psychological problems but were open to seeking help. Black men in particular are concerned about stigma. They are to taught to be strong, prideful, not to cry, deal with our own problems and acknowledging that you have a psychological problem would contradict that. Stigma and judgment prevents Black/African Americans from seeking treatment for their mental illnesses. Instead of seeking professional help for conditions such as depression and anxiety, many in the community resort to self-medication (drugs, opioids, alcohol, etc.) or isolation in an attempt to solve their problems on their own. Many Africa n Americans also have trouble recognizing the signs and symptoms of mental health conditions, leading to underestimating the effects and impact of mental health conditions. African Americans believe that mild depression or anxiety would be considered â€Å"crazy†. I have heard this all of my life. â€Å"You want to see a therapist? Why? You crazy! That’s for white people.† Since when did seeking help to resolve mental health become a â€Å"white thing†? Furthermore, many believe that discussions about mental illness would not be appropriate even among family. Without mental health, we cannot be healthy. Without proper treatment your mental health conditions can get worse and make life harder for you to function on a day to day. Mental health is psychological, meaning it can affect your brain, which is muscle. Just like every other muscle, if not properly maintained, it can fail you. Anyone can develop a mental health problem. It isn’t your fault or your family’s fault. Seeking treatment can help you live a fulfilled life and can strengthen you and your family for the future. I have learned through experience how useful and helpful seeking psychiatric help has been. . Research has found that many African Americans rely on faith, family and social communities for emotional support rather than turning to health care professionals, even though medical or therapeutic treatment may be necessary. This is another thing that I have heard all of my life. Growing up in a Christian home, I would always hear â€Å"pray about it† â€Å"God will get you through it†. Although at the time I believed that, I now see that without work, faith holds no weight. That’s like wishing to become a millionaire and expecting the money to fall into your lap. Without working towards that goal, it will never be reached. Same goes for mental health, without seeking professional help, you probably wont resolve that issue effectively. Yet only 33.6% of African Americans with depression seek professional help. Positive mental health allows people to realize their full potentials, cope with the stresses of life, work productively, and make meaningful contributions to their communities. Having solid mental health doesn’t mean that you never go through bad times or experience emotional problems. We all go through disappointments, loss, and change. And while these are normal parts of life, they can still cause sadness, anxiety, and stress. But just as physically healthy people are better able to bounce back from illness or injury, people with strong mental health are better able to bounce back from adversity, trauma, and stress. This ability is called resilience. People who are emotionally and mentally resilient have the tools for coping with difficult situations and maintaining a positive outlook. They remain focused, flexible, and productive, in bad times as well as good. Their resilience also makes them less afraid of new experiences or an uncertain future. Even when they don’ t immediately know how a problem will get resolved, they are hopeful that a solution will eventually be found. Mental health awareness is being advocated more all over the world and I am truly excited about it. Most schools now have mental health supports available to students. Mental health challenges can start young, so awareness and services should as well. Whether you’re looking to cope with a specific mental health problem, handle your emotions better, or simply to feel more positive and energetic, there are plenty of ways to take control of your mental health. If we are unable to remove the negative stigma surrounding mental health in the black community, we are willingly allowing another generation to grow up without access to counseling and mental health improvement resources that can help them live a happy, healthy life.

The Similarities between the Presidencies of Jefferson and Jackson

The Similarities between the Presidencies of Jefferson and Jackson Every one of the original thirteen colonies of America was founded for a slightly different purpose. Jamestown was founded in order to make money for The Virginia Company, The Plymouth Colony was founded because the Mayflower landed in the wrong place, Rhode Island was inhabited by dissenters from Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania was created to be a haven for Quakers. Each colony grew differently from one another. Whereas the Massachusetts Bay Colony became a large seaport, Pennsylvania profited by trading furs. The three primary regions of the east coast colonies also became distinct, and adjacent colonies tended to be more similar to one another. This is shown by the sharp contrast between the plantation culture of the south, and the Yankee capitalism in New England, caused by the rough soil. Each of the colonial areas, New England, the middle colonies, and the south, was founded and developed very differently, allowing for a diversity in origin and religion, and developing heteroge neous political culture in America.English: Seal of the Massachusetts Bay ColonyWhile most of the New England colonies were either founded for religious purpose, or developed tight religious groups, the majority of the middle colonies, including Jamestown, were founded for financial reasons, Baltimore being an exception. The reasons for the religiousness of the New England colonies vary for the most part. The Puritans of the Mayflower settled in Plymouth only because it was the most suitable location after they failed to land at Jamestown, but the Massachusetts Bay Colony was created as a haven for English Puritans who wanted to escape the anti-Puritan persecution of England. The Massachusetts Bay Colony also indirectly created Rhode Island because of its religious dissenters, and influenced other New England colonies such as New Haven. The colonies of the south, and to some extend the middle colonies, were founded to make money, with...

SEC-10K Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SEC-10K - Research Paper Example It competes with the best fashion and luxury retailers-Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdales and Lord & Taylor. Fiscal Year The company fiscal year comprises 52/53 weeks. The year ends on the Saturday closest to 31st January. The fiscal year 2012 ended on 2nd February 2013 which was a 53 week year. (Nordstrom 10-K filing report, 2013) Financial Statements The consolidated financial statements of the company include the statement of earnings which shows the revenues and expenses incurred as well as the profits made the company; balance sheet which shows the financial position of the company on a specific date; statement of shareholders’ equity which shows the changes in the equity of the company over the year; and statement of cash flows which shows the inflow and outflow of cash during the year. (Nordstrom 10-K filing report, 2013) Sales Nordstrom Inc registered a strong sales growth of 9.6% on YOY basis in 2012. The company’s performance continued to impress the investors w hen the combined online and store sales per square foot reached $470 in 2012. However, the company saw its cost of goods sold increasing by 12.7% which reduced the company gross margins and signified inefficiencies in the system. The gross margin fell from 37.2% in 2011 to 26.8% in 2012. Nonetheless, the fall in margin was insignificant. The absolute amount of gross profit increased 10.9% due to an increase in the overall sales of the company. (Nordstrom 10-K filing report, 2013) The strong sales growth was tied to the strong Loyalty Program which rewards the repeat customers as well as enhanced consumer service. The company saw an increase in almost in all categories including handbags, clothing and cosmetics. The second half of 2012 saw a significant improvement in sales owing to an increase in sales of women’s apparel. Overall, the women contributed towards 44% of the total sales of the company. (Nordstrom 10-K filing report, 2013) Inventory Nordstrom values its inventory according to lower the cost or market value principle following the retail inventory method. According to this method, the inventory is valued using the pre-calculated cost to retail ratio and the value of ending inventory. In retail industry, reserves for obsolescence are also created based on the consumer demand, inventory trends as well as the changing environment (Nordstrom 10-K filing report, 2013) As leading fashion retail, Nordstrom lays a stress on inventory management to improve its margins; too much inventory increases costs and reduces the margins whereas too less inventory leads to shortages and dissatisfies customers and a negative effect on revenue. Therefore, inventory management plays a pivotal role in the operations at Nordstrom Inc. (Nordstrom 10-K filing report, 2013) The Company has been investing in increased shelf space and racks in 2012 which has led to an increase in inventory by 18.5%. Further insights into the company show that the inventory turnover reduce d from 5.56 to 5.37 in 2012 which signaled that the inventory remained on the shelves for 67 days in 2012 as compared to 65 days in 2011. Due to this reduced turnover, the company had more ending inventory per square foot in 2012 equivalent to $53.8 as compared $46.4 in 2011. (Nordstrom 10-K filing report, 2013) Accounts Receivable The management of account receivable measures the efficiency of the company’s operations and management team. The days’ sales outstanding of the company declined to 65 days in 2012 from 70 days in 2011 despite an increase in the receivables